动词的语态语法讲解及练习题
动词的语态语法讲解及练习题
学习啦在线学习网 动词的语态是动词的一种形式,表示主语和谓语之间语法或语义的关系.英语的语态有两种:主动语态和被动语态.主动语态用于主动句,表示主语是动作的执行者.被动语态用于被动句,表示主语是动作的承受者.主动语态的构成方式与动词时态相同,而被动语态由 助动词be+过去分词 构成,有人称,数,时态的变化。下面学习啦小编为大家带来动词的语态语法讲解及练习题，欢迎大家学习
一、动词的语态语法讲解
学习啦在线学习网 1. let 的用法
1)当let后只有一个单音节动词，变被动语态时，可用不带to 的不定式。例如：
They let the strange go.他们放陌生人走了。
---> The strange was let go.
学习啦在线学习网 2)当let 后宾补较长时，let 通常不用被动语态，而用allow或permit 代替。例如：
The nurse let me go to see my classmate in the hospital. 那护士让我去探望住院的同学。
----> I was allowed / permitted to see my classmate in the hospital.
学习啦在线学习网 2.短语动词的被动语态
学习啦在线学习网 短语动词是一个整体，不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。例如：
学习啦在线学习网 My sister will be taken care of by Grandma. 我妹妹由奶奶照顾。
Such a thing has never been heard of before. 这样的事闻所未闻。
3. 表示"据说"或"相信" 的词组，基本上由believe, consider, declare, expect, feel , report, say, see, suppose, think, understand等组成。例如：
It is said that… 据说
学习啦在线学习网 It is reported that… 据报道
学习啦在线学习网 It is believed that… 大家相信
学习啦在线学习网 It is hoped that… 大家希望
It is well known that… 众所周知
学习啦在线学习网 It is thought that… 大家认为
学习啦在线学习网 It is suggested that… 据建议
It is taken granted that… 被视为当然
学习啦在线学习网 It has been decided that… 大家决定
学习啦在线学习网 It must be remember that… 务必记住的是
4. 不用被动语态的情况
学习啦在线学习网 1) 不及物动词或不及物动词短语，如appear, die disappear, end(vi. 结束), fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand, break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place等没有无被动语态。例如：
After the fire, very little remained of my house. 大火过后，我家烧得所剩无几。
比较：rise, fall, happen是不及物动词;raise, seat是及物动词。
要想正确地使用被动语态，就须注意哪些动词是及物的，哪些是不及物的。特别是一词多义的动词往往有两种用法。解决这一问题唯有在学习过程中多留意积累。
2) 不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语，如fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to等。例如：
学习啦在线学习网 This key just fits the lock. 这把钥匙只配这把锁。
Your story agrees with what had already been heard. 你说的与我们听说的一致。
3) 系动词无被动语态，如appear, be become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn等。例如：It sounds good. 听上去不错。
学习啦在线学习网 4) 带同源宾语的及物动词如die/death, dream/dream， live/life等，以及反身代词，相互代词，不能用于被动语态。例如：
学习啦在线学习网 She dreamed a bad dream last night. 她昨晚做了个恶梦。
学习啦在线学习网 5) 当宾语是不定式时，很少用于被动语态。例如：
(对) She likes to swim.
(错) To swim is liked by her.
5. 主动形式表示被动意义
学习啦在线学习网 1)wash, clean, cook, iron, look, cut, sell, read, wear, feel, draw, write, sell等。例如：
The book sells well. 这本书销路好。
This knife cuts easily. 这刀子很好用。
2)blame, let(出租), remain, keep, rent, build等。例如：
I was to blame for the accident. 事故发生了，我该受指责。
Much work remains. 还有许多活要干。
3) 在need, require, want, worth (形容词), deserve后的动名词必须用主动形式。例如：
学习啦在线学习网 The door needs repairing.= The door needs to be repaired. 门该修了。
This book is worth reading. 这本书值得一读。
4)特殊结构：make sb. heard / understood (使别人能听见/理解自己)等。例如：
Explain it clearly and make yourself understood. 解释清楚些，让别人理解你的话。
6. 被动形式表示主动意义，如 be determined, be pleased, be graduated (from), be prepared (for), be occupied (in), get married等。例如：
学习啦在线学习网 He is graduated from a famous university. 他毕业于一所有名的大学。
注意：表示同某人结婚，用marry sb. 或get married to sb.均可。例如：
He married a rich girl. 他与一个富妞结婚了。
He got married to a rich girl.
7.need/want/require/worth
当 need, want, require, be worth后面接doing时，表示的是被动意义。例如：
学习啦在线学习网 Your hair wants cutting. 你的头发该理了。
学习啦在线学习网 The floor requires washing. 地板需要冲洗。
二、练习题：
学习啦在线学习网 1. If city noises ____ from increasing，people ____ shout to be heard even at dinner.
学习啦在线学习网 A. are not kept;will have to B. are not kept;have
C. do not keep;will have to D. do not keep;have to
学习啦在线学习网 2. The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence, are ____and perfected now.
A. developed B. have developed
学习啦在线学习网 C. are being developed D. will have been developed
3. --- ____ the sports meet might be put off.--- Yes，it all depends on the weather.
A. I've been told B. I've told C. I'm told D. I told
4. I need one more stamp before my collection ___.
A. has completed B. completes C. has been completed D. is completed
学习啦在线学习网 5. Rainforests ___ and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future.
A. cut B. are cut C. are being cut D. had been cut
学习啦在线学习网 6. The new suspension bridge ___ by the end of last month.
学习啦在线学习网 A. has been designed B. had been designed
学习啦在线学习网 C. was designed D. would be designed
7. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it ____.
A. breaks B. has broken C. was broken D. had been broken
学习啦在线学习网 8. Great changes ___ in the city, and a lot of factories ___.
A. have been taken place; have been set up B. have taken place; have been set up
C. have taken place; have set up D. were taken place; were set up
9. That suit __ over 60 dollars.
A. had costed B. costed C. is costed D. cost
10. - Look! Everything here is under construction.- What’s the pretty small house that __ for?
学习啦在线学习网 A. is being built B. has been built C. is built D. is building
11.--- Do you like the material? --- Yes, it ___ very soft.
A. is feeling B. felt C. feels D. is felt
学习啦在线学习网 12. It is difficult for a foreigner ____ Chinese.
A. write B. to write C. to be written D. written
学习啦在线学习网 13. I have no more letters ____ ，thank you.
A. to type B. typing C. to be typed D. typed
14. Take care! Don’t drop the ink on your shirt, for it __ easily.
A. won’t wash out B. won’t be washed out C. isn’t washed out D. isn’t washing out
15. Nobody noticed the thief slip into the house because the lights happened to ___.
学习啦在线学习网 A. be put up B. give in C. be turned on D. go out
16. The computers on the table ___ Professor Smith.
A. belongs B. are belonged to C. belongs to D. belong to
17. --- What do you think of the book? ---Oh, excellent. It’s worth ___ a second time.
学习啦在线学习网 A. to read B. to be read C. reading D. being read
学习啦在线学习网 18. The squirrel was lucky that it just missed ___.
学习啦在线学习网 A. catching B. to be caught C. being caught D. to catch
19. This page needed ___ again.
学习啦在线学习网 A. being checked B. checked C. to check D. to be checked
20. ___ many times, the boy still didn’t know how to do the exercises
A. Having taught B. Having been taught C. taught D. Teaching
答案：
学习啦在线学习网 1--5 ACADC 6--10 BCBDA 11--15 CBCAD 16--20 DCCDB