托福阅读题库练习及答案汇总
学习啦在线学习网托福阅读考试如何才能让自己获得高分?除了托福词汇的大量储备之外，我想托福真题的练习是必不可少的。那么除了平时大家利用官方真题Official来进行托福阅读练习之外，你还能找到哪些真题来进行练习呢?今天小编在这里就为大家整理了托福阅读题库练习及答案汇总，其中包括了阅读原文、题目以及答案，希望对大家的托福阅读考试提分有帮助。
托福阅读真题练习：工作时间的文本+题目+答案
托福阅读文本：
学习啦在线学习网According to anthropologists, people in preindustrial societies spent 3 to 4 hours per day or about 20 hours per week doing the work necessary for life. Modern comparisons of the amount of work performed per week, however, begin with the Industrial Revolution (1760-1840) when 10- to 12-hour workdays with six workdays per week were the norm. Even with extensive time devoted to work, however, both incomes and standards of living were low. As incomes rose near the end of the Industrial Revolution, it became increasingly common to treat Saturday afternoons as a half-day holiday. The half holiday had become standard practice in Britain by the 1870's, but did not become common in the United States until the 1920's.
In the United States, the first third of the twentieth century saw the workweek move from 60 hours per week to just under 50 hours by the start of the 1930's. In 1914 Henry Ford reduced daily work hours at his automobile plants from 9 to 8. In 1926 he announced that henceforth his factories would close for the entire day on Saturday. At the time, Ford received criticism from other firms such as United States Steel and Westinghouse, but the idea was popular with workers.
The Depression years of the 1930's brought with them the notion of job sharing to spread available work around; the workweek dropped to a modem low for the United States of 35 hours. In 1938 the Fair Labor Standards Act mandated a weekly maximum of 40 hours to begin in 1940,and since that time the 8-hour day, 5-day workweek has been the standard in the United States.
学习啦在线学习网Adjustments in various places, however, show that this standard is not immutable. In 1987, for example, German metalworkers struck for and received a 37.5-hour workweek; and in 1990 many workers in Britain won a 37-hour week. Since 1989, the Japanese government has moved from a 6- to a 5-day workweek and has set a national target of 1,800 work hours per year for the average worker. The average amount of work per year in Japan in 1989 was 2,088 hours per worker,compared to 1,957 for the United States and 1,646 for France.
托福阅读题目：
1. What does the passage mainly discuss?
(A) Why people in preindustrial societies worked few hours per week
学习啦在线学习网(B) Changes that have occurred in the number of hours that people work per week
(C)A comparison of the number of hours worked per year in several industries
学习啦在线学习网(D) Working conditions during the Industrial Revolution
2. Compared to preiudustrial times, the number of hours in the workweek in the nineteenth
century
学习啦在线学习网(A) remained constant
学习啦在线学习网(B) decreased slightly
(C) decreased significantly
(D) increased significantly
3. The word "norm" in line 5 is closest in meaning to
学习啦在线学习网(A) minimum.
(B) example
学习啦在线学习网(C) possibility
(D) standard
4. The word "henceforth" in line 13 is closest in meaning to
学习啦在线学习网(A) in the end
(B) for a brief period
(C) from that time on
(D) on occasion
5. The "idea" mentioned in line 15 refers to
(A) the 60-hour workweek
学习啦在线学习网(B) the reduction in the cost of automobiles
(C) the reduction in the workweek at some automobile factories
学习啦在线学习网(D) the criticism of Ford by United States Steel and Westinghouse
6. What is one reason for the change in the length of the workweek for the average worker in the
学习啦在线学习网United States during the 1930's?
(A) Several people sometimes shared a single job.
学习啦在线学习网(B) Labor strikes in several countries influenced labor policy in the United States.
学习啦在线学习网(C) Several corporations increased the length of the workweek.
学习啦在线学习网(D) The United States government instituted a 35-hour workweek.
7. Which of the following is mentioned as one of the purposes of the Fair Labor Standards Act of
1938 ?
(A) to discourage workers from asking for increased wages
(B) to establish a limit on the number of hours in the workweek
(C) to allow employers to set the length of the workweek for their workers
(D) to restrict trade with countries that had a long workweek
学习啦在线学习网8. The word "mandated" in line 18 is closest in meaning to
(A) required
学习啦在线学习网(B) recommended
学习啦在线学习网(C) eliminated
(D) considered
学习啦在线学习网9. The word "immutable" in line 21 is closest in meaning to
(A) unmatched
学习啦在线学习网(B) irregular
(C) unnecessary
(D) unchangeable
10. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as evidence that the length of the workweek has
been declining since the nineteenth century?
(A) The half-day holiday (line 7)
(B) Henry Ford (lines 11-12)
(C) United States Steel and Westinghouse (line 14-15)
(D) German metalworkers (line 21)
学习啦在线学习网11. According to the passage , one goal of the Japanese government is to reduce the average
学习啦在线学习网annual amount of work to
学习啦在线学习网(A) 1,646 hours
学习啦在线学习网(B) 1,800 hours
(C) 1,957 hours
(D) 2,088 hours
托福阅读答案：
BDDCCABADCB
托福阅读真题练习：海洋文化的文本+题目+答案
托福阅读文本：
学习啦在线学习网The Native American peoples of the north Pacific Coast created a highly complex maritime culture as they invented modes of production unique to their special environment. In addition to their sophisticated technical culture, they also attained one of the most complex social organizations of any nonagricultural people in the world.
学习啦在线学习网In a division of labor similar to that of the hunting peoples in the interior and among foraging peoples throughout the world, the men did most of the fishing, and the women processed the catch.
学习啦在线学习网Women also specialized in the gathering of the abundant shellfish that lived closer to shore. They collected oysters, crabs, sea urchins, mussels, abalone, and clams, which they could gather while remaining close to their children. The maritime life harvested by the women not only provided food, but also supplied more of the raw materials for making tools than did fish gathered by the men. Of particular importance for the native tool kit before the introduction of metal was the wide knife made from the larger mussel shells, and a variety of cutting edges that could be made from other marine shells.
学习啦在线学习网The women used their tools to process all of the fish and marine mammals brought in by the men. They cleaned the fish, and dried vast quantities of them for the winter. They sun-dried fish when practical, but in the rainy climate of the coastal area they also used smokehouses to preserve tons of fish and other seafood annually. Each product had its own peculiar characteristics that demanded a particular way of cutting or drying the meat, and each task required its own cutting blades and other utensils.
After drying the fish, the women pounded some of them into fish meal, which was an easily transported food used in soups, stews, or other dishes to provide protein and thickening in the absence of fresh fish or while on long trips. The woman also made a cheese-like substance from a mixture of fish and roe by aging it in storehouses or by burying it in wooden boxes or pits lined with rocks and tree leaves.
托福阅读题目：
学习啦在线学习网1. Which aspect of the lives of the Native Americans of the north Pacific Coast does the passage
学习啦在线学习网mainly discuss?
(A) Methods of food preservation
学习啦在线学习网(B) How diet was restricted by the environment
学习啦在线学习网(C) The contributions of women to the food supply
学习啦在线学习网(D) Difficulties in establishing successful farms
2. The word "unique" in line 2 is closest in meaning to
(A) comprehensible
(B) productive
(C) intentional
(D) particular
学习啦在线学习网3. The word "attained" in line 3 is closest in meaning to
(A) achieved
(B) modified
(C) demanded
(D) spread
学习啦在线学习网4. It can be inferred from paragraph 1 that the social organization of many agricultural peoples is
(A) more complex than that of hunters and foragers
学习啦在线学习网(B) less efficient than that of hunters and foragers
学习啦在线学习网(C) more widespread than that of hunters and foragers
(D) better documented than that of hunters and foragers
5.According to the passage , what is true of the "division of labor" mentioned in line 5?
(A) It was first developed by NativeAmericans of the north Pacific Coast.
(B) It rarely existed among hunting
(C) It was a structure that the Native Americans of the north Pacific Coast shared with many other
peoples.
(D) It provided a form of social organization that was found mainly among coastal peoples.
学习啦在线学习网6. The word "abundant" in line 7 is closest in meaning to
(A) prosperous
学习啦在线学习网(B) plentiful
(C) acceptable
学习啦在线学习网(D) fundamental
学习啦在线学习网7.All of the following are true of the north Pacific coast women EXCEPT that they
学习啦在线学习网(A) were more likely to catch shellfish than other kinds of fish
(B) contributed more materials for tool making than the men did
学习啦在线学习网(C) sometimes searched for food far inland from the coast
(D) prepared and preserved the fish
8. The word "They" in line 16 refers to
(A) women
(B) tools
学习啦在线学习网(C) mammals
(D) men
学习啦在线学习网9. The NativeAmericans of the north Pacific Coast used smokehouses in order to
(A) store utensils used in food preparation
学习啦在线学习网(B) prevent fish and shellfish from spoiling
学习啦在线学习网(C) have a place to store fish and shellfish
(D) prepare elaborate meals
学习啦在线学习网10. The wore "peculiar" in line 19 is closest in meaning to
(A) strange
(B) distinctive
(C) appealing
(D) biological
学习啦在线学习网11. All of following are true of the cheese-like substance mentioned in paragraph 4 EXCEPT that
it was
学习啦在线学习网(A) made from fish
学习啦在线学习网(B) not actually cheese
学习啦在线学习网(C) useful on long journeys
学习啦在线学习网(D) made in a short period of time
托福阅读答案：
CDAAC BCABB D
托福阅读真题练习：冰川的文本+题目+答案
托福阅读文本：
学习啦在线学习网During most of their lives, surge glaciers behave like normal glaciers, traveling perhaps only a couple of inches per day. However, at intervals of 10 to 100 years, these glaciers move forward up to 100 times faster than usual. The surge often progresses along a glacier like a great wave,proceeding from one section to another. Subglacial streams of meltwater might act as a lubricant,allowing the glacier to flow rapidly toward the sea. The increasing water pressure under the glacier might lift it off its bed, overcoming the friction between ice and rock, thus freeing the glacier, which rapidly sliders downhill. Surge glaciers also might be influenced by the climate,volcanic heat, or earthquakes. However, many of these glaciers exist in the same area as normal glaciers, often almost side by side.
Some 800 years ago, Alaska's Hubbard Glacier advanced toward the sea, retreated, and advanced again 500 years later. Since 1895, this seventy-mile-long river of ice has been flowing steadily toward the Gulf of Alaska at a rate of approximately 200 feet per year. In June 1986,however, the glacier surged ahead as much as 47 feet a day. Meanwhile, a western tributary, called Valerie Glacier, advanced up to 112 feet a day. Hubbard's surge closed off Russell Fiord with a formidable ice dam, some 2,500 feet wide and up to 800 feet high, whose caged waters threatened the town of Yakutat to the south.
About 20 similar glaciers around the Gulf of Alaska are heading toward the sea. If enough surge glaciers reach the ocean and raise sea levels, west Antarctic ice shelves could rise off the seafloor and become adrift. A flood of ice would then surge into the Southern Sea. With the continued rise in sea level, more ice would plunge into the ocean, causing sea levels to rise even higher, which in turn would release more ice and set in motion a vicious cycle. The additional sea ice floating toward the tropics would increase Earth's albedo and lower global temperatures,perhaps enough to initiate a new ice age. This situation appears to have occurred at the end of the last warm interglacial (the time between glacations), called the Sangamon, when sea ice cooled the ocean dramatically, spawning the beginning of the Ice Age.
托福阅读题目：
1. What is the main topic of the passage ?
(A) The classification of different types of surge glaciers
(B) The causes and consequences of surge glaciers
(C) The definition of a surge glacier
(D) The history of a particular surge glacier
学习啦在线学习网2. The word "intervals" in line 2 is closest in meaning to
(A) records
(B) speeds
(C) distances
学习啦在线学习网(D) periods
学习啦在线学习网3. The author compares the surging motion of a surge glacier to the movement of a
(A) fish
(B) wave
(C) machine
(D) boat
4. Which of the following does the author mention as a possible cause of surging glaciers?
(A) The decline in sea levels
(B) The occurrence of unusually large ocean waves
(C) The shifting Antarctic ice shelves
(D) The pressure of meltwater underneath the glacier
学习啦在线学习网5. The word "freeing" in line 7 is closest in meaning to
(A) pushing
学习啦在线学习网(B) releasing
学习啦在线学习网(C) strengthening
学习啦在线学习网(D) draining
6.According to the passage , the Hubbard Glacier
学习啦在线学习网(A) moves more often than the Valerie Glacier
学习啦在线学习网(B) began movement toward the sea in 1895
(C) is 800 feet wide
(D) has moved as fast as 47 feet per day
学习啦在线学习网7. Yakutat is the name of
(A) anAlaskan town
(B) the last ice age
学习啦在线学习网(C) a surge glacier
学习啦在线学习网(D) anAntarctic ice shelf
学习啦在线学习网8. The word "plunge" in line 22 is closest in meaning to
(A) drop
(B) extend
(C) melt
(D) drift
9. The term "vicious cycle" in line 24 refers to the
(A) movement pattern of surge glaciers
(B) effect surge glaciers could have on the temperature of tropical areas
(C) effect that repeated rising sea levels might have on glacial ice
学习啦在线学习网(D) constant threat surge glaciers could pose to the Gulf of Alaska
10. The author provides a definition for which of the following terms?
(A) tributary (line 15)
学习啦在线学习网(B) ice dam (line 16)
学习啦在线学习网(C) albedo (line 25)
(D) interglacial(line 26)
11. Which of the following statements is supported by the passage ?
(A) The movement of surge glaciers can be prevented.
(B) The next ice age could be caused by surge glaciers.
学习啦在线学习网(C) Surge glaciers help to supportAntarctic ice shelves.
(D) Normal glaciers have little effect on Earth's climate.
托福阅读答案：
BDBDB DAACD B
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