【高分经验】托福听力8种常见的开头方式
对于托福听力考试的讲座部分和对话部分,只有了了解了托福听力的原则才能帮助考试快速定位听力的要点,从而在短时间内,快速定位答案。下面就为大家详细介绍一下托福听力的8种常见的开头方式。
【高分经验】托福听力8种常见的开头方式
学习啦在线学习网对于对话和讲座的开头方式是不相同的,所以下面就分别介绍一下托福听力对话部分和讲座部分的开头方式。
学习啦在线学习网1、对话:学生和老师或者是工作人员的先后顺序
1)学生先开口说:学生先开口,就会陈述问题的内容,直接进入主题;
2)学生未开口,老师先说一件事或一个问题;
3)学生来交一个材料,老师提出另外的一些问题;
学习啦在线学习网4)学生和老师用了很短时间解决了一个学生问题,学生又问了另外的问题。
学习啦在线学习网2、讲座:主要是教授或者老师针对一个话题展开讨论
1)课堂回顾式
学习啦在线学习网例如:官方真题Official1-L3
OK,we've been talking about early agriculture in the near east. So let's concentrate on one site and see what we can learn from it.
OK.In the last class, we started talking about useful plant fibers...Today well continue talking about useful fibers, and we'll begin with a fiber that's commonly known as "Manila hemp."
大家可以注意到加粗部分的内容,是针对课程或者课堂内容的回顾。课堂回顾是我们听重点的一个提示而已,我们要关注的是后边的内容,也就是“本堂课”要注意的内容。
学习啦在线学习网课堂回顾式常见关键点:
时态:一般过上时或者是现在完成时、现在完成进行时
关键词:in the last class, today, now, talk about, but.
2)直入主题式
例如:官方真题Official18-L1
OK,today we are going to start a study of sunspot today
Ok,now I want to talk about an animal that has a fascinating set of defense mechanisms.
直入主题的开头方式,需要考生集中精力听讲座的内容,不要错过听力的有效信息。
学习啦在线学习网直入主题式常见关键点:
学习啦在线学习网时态:一般现在时或者将来时
学习啦在线学习网直入主题式常见关键词:now, want to talk about,
3)背景引入式
学习啦在线学习网例如:OG-test 2-L4
We've been looking at colossal statues—works of exceptionally huge size—and their essentially public role, in commemorating a political or religious figure. How some of these statues date back thousands of years... like the statues of the Pharaohs of ancient Egypt—which you can still visit today... and how others, though surviving only in legend, have fired the imagination of writers and artists right up to our own time, such as the Colossus of Rhodes, that 110-foot statue of the Greek god Helios. Remember, this same word, "colossus”一 which means a giant or larger-than-life-size statue—is what today’s term "colossal” derives from. Now, it was one thing to build such statues, at an equally colossal cost, when the funds were being allocated by ancient kings and pharaohs. But if we're going to think about modern-day colossal statues, we need to reexamine more closely their role as social and political symbols—in order to understand why a society today—a society of free, tax-paying citizens—would agree to allocate so much of its resources to erecting them.
学习啦在线学习网背景引入式的开头方式,是听力讲座,尤其是学术类讲座的一个重要特点。为了引出讲座的主题,教授会在一开始的时候,先将一下相关的背景,循序渐进地带入。
学习啦在线学习网背景引入式常见关键点:
时态:一般现在时或者过去式
4)寒暄离题式
学习啦在线学习网例如:官方真题Official2-Lecture2
Hi,everyone. Good to see you all today. Actually, I expected the population to be a lot lower today. It typically runs between 50 and 60 percent on the day the research paper is due. Um, I was hoping to have your exams back today, but, uh, the situation was that I went away for the weekend, and I was supposed to get in yesterday at five, and I expected to fully complete all the exams by midnight or so, which is the time that I usually go to bed, but my flight was delayed, and I ended up not getting in until one o'clock in the morning. Anyway, I," do my best to hove them finished by the next time we meet.
寒暄离题式的开头方式比较符合中国的传统文化,先是客套一番,然后才进入课程的主要内容或者是表达作者的观点。在遇到这类问题的时候,一定要注意分别是寒暄部分,还是课程的内容部分。
托福听力首尾段规律分析
1. 首部规律
学习啦在线学习网说话者表达主旨或谈话的目的的语句往往出现在开头的几句话,是把握全局的重点。
信号词:
学习啦在线学习网(建议考生每天要把所有的信号词读个几遍,强迫自己听到这个词马上反应过来这里有考点)
Today, we’ll focus on/constrated/discuss….
学习啦在线学习网Today, our topic is…
Let’s…
特殊情况(也经常出现):开头会将讲一些上次课讲的东西,作为复习,之后才是主旨,我们把这种情况称为:Miss start
注意:出现Miss Start,上次课讲的东西一定要听,在这部分很可能出细节题。
Miss Start 信号词:Before we get started, let’s review what we’ve learned last class…
Let’s pick up where we left off last week, OK, as you recall(记得)…
Before we begin our discussion on…(此处为本次主题),Let’s review what we know about…(此处为上次主题)
间接开头: In your text book, the author says that… (主题出现),I thought we all to/should take sometime to talk about it. (不一定完全一样,但是类型差不多)
2.尾部规律
托福听力的结尾部分往往出现一些总结性信息以及其他一些涉及考点的内容,应充分重视。
信号词:
To some up
To conclude/in conclusion
In summary/to summarize
Finally
Therefore
From this, we can see that…
学习啦在线学习网总之,托福听力首尾段会有一些总结性提示词、信号词等,大家可以在平时的托福听力备考中练习一下对这些信号词的敏感度,总结托福听力技巧。量变引起质变,一段时间后,托福听力会有很大的提升。
语音语调对托福听力的影响
例如:一个独立的句子:When will these picture be ready? 在书面上一般只能理解为单纯的疑问句。在听力中它由于可以有不同的语调,从而可以表达完全不同的多个意思:
学习啦在线学习网1,通常语调可以表达单纯的疑问含义——即字面意思;
学习啦在线学习网2,特殊语调之一可表达责备的含义:洗照片用的时间太长了;
3,特殊语调之二可表达不以为然的含义:你不必担心时间的问题;
学习啦在线学习网4,特殊语调之三可表示反问的含义:你没有资格误码我这种问题;
5,特殊语调之四可表达某种否定的含义:照片永远都不会洗好了;等等。
学习啦在线学习网听懂语调对提高托福听力成绩有很大帮助。因为书面语言努力通过标点符号等手段来弥补自己的不足,但是在听力中就可以通过语调来表达不同的感情和含义,所以大家在听力一定要重视语调。
如何记录托福听力的笔记话题
1、确定记录内核心话题
托福听力正式开始之前会有一个简短的内容介绍,之后屏幕上会出现一些和听力内容相关的,这些可以帮助我们确定下面所要听部分的核心话题。例如, listen to a conversation between a professor and student in a professor and student.
学习啦在线学习网从这个介绍我们可以知道下面对话内容的场景:biology class,结下来会出现一个图片,里面文字为:Friends of the Earth, Biology class.后面还会出现一个对话内容的图片。通过这些文字和图片,我们可以推断这个对话的主题为与人类地球有关的一个结构,这样机构主要会负责环保事宜。确定主题可以让考生悬着的新慢慢落地。后面的长对话给出的文字和图片提示与对话类似。
2、记录细节
确定核心话题之后,我们需要做的就是记录与其相关的细节,主要的细节为what , when, where , who , why和 how等。注意记录对话和演讲中信息引导词和信息引导句后面的信息,例如, First ..., let's look at the ..., Now, Let's move on to ..., in the nest part of lecture ,I ‘d like to talk about ....
3、具体的记录方法
学习啦在线学习网1)主要记录实词:名词,动词,形容词。这次词语所包含的信息量大,也是重读和重复的核心词汇。
2)采用简写、符号和缩写的速记法方法记录,例如:Q.=question,ltd.=limited, +=and/plus , ?=question ,/=or。此外,还可以用一些其它只有自己熟悉的速记符号来记录重要信息。
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【高分经验】托福听力8种常见的开头方式
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