写作中要做好语句衔接与连贯
学习啦在线学习网写作中要做好语句衔接与连贯
衔接是实现语句、语篇连贯的重要手段。语句或篇章如果缺乏必要的衔接，彼此之间就没有内在的有机联系和符合逻辑的发展关系，行文也会杂乱无序，脉络不清。连贯则是将语言内容有机地结合起来，使之符合逻辑，从而达到语言的规范性和准确性。衔接与连贯是语句、语篇的重要组成部分。下面是小编为您收集整理的写作中要做好语句衔接与连贯，供大家参考!
写作中要做好语句衔接与连贯
学习啦在线学习网 衔接(cohesion)可分为语法衔接和词汇衔接，语法衔接通过语法手段得以实现，包括照应(reference),替代(substitution)、省略(ellipsis)，而词汇衔接则通过重复(repetition)、同义词(synonym)、反义词(antonym)、上下义关系(hyponymy)等复现(reiteration)手段的使用来完成。
连贯(coherence)是指句子内部、句子和句子之间、段落内部、段落与段落之间是否有连接成分或衔接词来说明彼此间的逻辑关系。行文中如果缺乏必要的连接成分，仅仅用标点符号连接的写作手法在汉语中尚属可行。可在英语中，这种仅用标点符号的连接方式会使所表达的内容含义模糊.如“我很累，一步也走不动了”一句，如果在英文中写成下面两种形式都是错误的:1)"I was very tired, couldn't move a step"; 2)"I was so tired that couldn't move astep.”第一句应该改成 I was very tired and couldn't move a step;第二句则应该在that后面重复主语“I"，才能使句子意思清晰明确。但在汉语中却是可行的，这就是英语与汉语之间的差别，学习写作时应引起足够重视。
什么是主题句?有什么特点?
主题句是表示全段中心思想的句子，是段落展开的基础，它表明作者的态度、观点、目的等.主题句一般简明扼要，具有概括、抽象的特点。主题句是对文章段落意义的表述，文章中其他句子都受主题句的制约。换言之.文章段落的其他句子是对主题思想加以阐述、说明或论证，是语义层层扩展、步步深人的核心。由于主题句的概括、抽象等特点，也称其为概述句。写作时，不可将某个细节或具体事实当做主题句来写。请看下段:
Machine scored test is called "objective" type. In an objective test, the students answerquestions by deciding on the best choice among a number of alternatives given. Another one isthe "completion" type. This kind of examination requires the students to add a word or phraseto a sentence. And the third type is the essay examination, in which the students are asked towrite a composition on a given topic.
这是一段没有主题句的段落，因为段中任何一句都不能概括全段内容，各句各自为政，均只是分别说明三种考试的特点。试比较下面经过修改的段落:
There are three kinds of examinations. One is the machine scored "objective" type. In anobjective test, the students answer questions by deciding on the best choice among a numberof alternatives given. Another is the "completion" type. This kind of examination requires thestudents to add a word or phrase to a sentence. And the third type is the essay examination, inwhich the students are asked to write a composition on a given topic. All these kinds of examinations are designed to reveal what a student may have learned in any particular course.
通过与范例1进行比较，我们可以看到，处于段首的"Examinations are of three kinds"显然是该段的主题句，因为这一句不仅具有概括全段的特点，而且全段的其他文字都是围绕着三种考试形式展开的。该段添加.七主题句后，使得段落的发展有了中心，读者读起来主题明确，论据充分。同时，为了进一步体现段落的完整性，实现首尾相呼应，该段在段末添加上了结论句"All these kinds of examinations are designed to reveal what a student may have learned inany particular course"，以达到对主题的进一步强调和突出.