老托福阅读试题及答案：PASSAGE30
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老托福阅读试题及答案：PASSAGE 30
学习啦在线学习网Butterflies are among the most extensively studied insects — it is estimated that 90 percent of the world's species have scientific names. As a consequence, they are perhaps the best group of insects for examining patterns of terrestrial biotic diversity and distribution. Butterflies also have a favorable image with the general public. Hence, they are an excellent group for communicating information on science and conservation issues such as diversity.
Perhaps the aspect of butterfly diversity that has received the most attention over the past century is the striking difference in species richness between tropical and temperate regions. For example, in 1875 one biologist pointed out the diversity of butterflies in the Amazon when he mentioned that about 700 species were found within an hour's walk, whereas the total number found on the British islands did not exceed 66, and the whole of Europe supported only 321. This early comparison of tropical and temperate butterfly richness has been well confirmed.
学习啦在线学习网A general theory of diversity would have to predict not only this difference between temperate and tropical zones, but also patterns within each region, and how these patterns vary among different animal and plant groups. However, for butterflies, variation of species richness within temperate or tropical regions, rather man between them, is poorly understood. Indeed, comparisons of numbers of species among the Amazon basin, tropical Asia, and Africa are still mostly "personal communication" citations, even for vertebrates. In other words, unlike comparison between temperate and tropical areas, these patterns are still in the documentation phase.
学习啦在线学习网In documenting geographical variation in butterfly diversity, some arbitrary, practical decisions are made. Diversity, number of species, and species richness are used synonymously; little is known about the evenness of butterfly distribution. The New World butterflies make up the preponderance of examples because they are the most familiar species. It is hoped that by focusing on them, the errors generated by imperfect and incomplete taxonomy will be minimized.
学习啦在线学习网1. Which aspect of butterflies does the passage mainly discuss?
学习啦在线学习网(A) Their physical characteristics
学习啦在线学习网(B) Their names
(C) Their adaptation to different habitats
学习啦在线学习网(D) Their variety
2. The word "consequence" in line 2 is closest in meaning to
(A) result
(B) explanation
(C) analysis
学习啦在线学习网(D) requirement
3. Butterflies are a good example for communicating information about conservation issues because they
(A) are simple in structure
学习啦在线学习网(B) are viewed positively by people
(C) have been given scientific names
(D) are found mainly in temperate climates
学习啦在线学习网4. The word "striking" in line 8 is closest in meaning to
学习啦在线学习网(A) physical
(B) confusing
(C) noticeable
(D) successful
5. The word "exceed" in line 11 is closest in meaning to
(A) locate
(B) allow
学习啦在线学习网(C) go beyond
学习啦在线学习网(D) come close to
6. All of the following are mentioned as being important parts of a general theory of diversity EXCEPT
(A) differences between temperate and tropical zones
(B) patterns of distribution of species in each region
(C) migration among temperate and tropical zones
学习啦在线学习网(D) variation of patterns of distribution of species among different animals and plants
7. The author mentions tropical Asia in lines 19 as an example of a location where
学习啦在线学习网(A) butterfly behavior varies with climate
(B) a general theory of butterfly diversity has not yet been firmly established
(C) butterflies are affected by human populations
(D) documenting plant species is more difficult than documenting butterfly species
8. Which of the following is NOT well understood by biologists?
学习啦在线学习网(A) European butterfly habitats
(B) Differences in species richness between temperate and tropical regions
学习啦在线学习网(C) Differences in species richness within a temperate or a tropical region
(D) Comparisons of behavior patterns of butterflies and certain animal groups
学习啦在线学习网9. The word "generated" in line 26 is closest in meaning to
学习啦在线学习网(A) requested
(B) caused
(C) assisted
学习啦在线学习网(D) estimated
学习啦在线学习网正确答案： DABCC CBCB
托福阅读出题点列举
托福阅读出题点一、列举和并列句
学习啦在线学习网列举指的是： First,... Second,... Third,.。。等逐条列出。并列句是指：A ，B and C，即逐项列出。它们共同的特征是列出二点或三点以上的条目。该类型语言点常考的题型是“细节性问题”，主要有两种：
学习啦在线学习网1. Which 题型
该题型只要求从并列的三顶中选一项作为答案，其它条目与题目无关。在这种情况下，往往题目的答案出自最后一个选项。
2 . EXCEPT 题型
学习啦在线学习网该题型俗称“三缺一”题型，即题目 4 个选项中有三个符合文章内容，剩下一个不符合，题目便是要求选出这个不符合文章内容的选项。例如： All of the following are mentioned as types of evidence concerning handedness EXCEPT ??? 这种题型只适合于考并列、列举句，这是因为它要求其三个选项一定是文章中出现的，也就是并列或列举之处。利用这一特点。我们在读文章的时候就可多留意，如看到并列、列举句，可预想其有可能被考到;如发现题目中有“三缺一”题型，则应到并列、列举处找答案。
学习啦在线学习网托福阅读出题点二、否定及转折句
学习啦在线学习网托福听力段落题型及解题要点
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否定句是指带有 NO 或 NOT ， NEVER 等否定词的句子，而转折句则指带有 HOWEVER ， BUT 或RATHER 等关联词引导的句子，它们可以用下面的句型说明： A is not B ， as C ， but is D 。对于以上的句型常出“推断性问题”。
托福阅读出题点三、举例句
学习啦在线学习网句中由 as 或 such as ， for example 等引导的短语或句子为举例句，常考“推断性问题”和“细节性问题”。上面句型中的 as C 为插入的举例句。
托福阅读出题点四、数字与年代
学习啦在线学习网文中的数字、年代、日期等常常是出题者注意的考题点，如 1996 年 10 月第 48 题。
学习啦在线学习网托福阅读出题点五、最高级及绝对性词汇
学习啦在线学习网文章中若出现 must ， all ， only ， anyone ， always ， never 等绝对性词汇或 first ， most beautiful 等最高级词汇，往往是考题要点，一般出“细节性题目”。这是因为它们都有一个共同的特点，那就是 概念绝对 ， 答案唯一 ，无论是出题还是做题，不会产出歧义和疑问，因此很容易出题，答案绝对正确。相反地，如果文章中出现相对性的词汇、例如 Some of the people chose red hats,some chose green hats,and others blue ones. 其中 some 为相对性词汇，如果我们出这样一道题： What color hats did some people choose? 那么就没有唯一正确的答案，因为有可能为 red,green 或 blue ，给评卷带来困难。
托福阅读出题点六、比较级及比喻
学习啦在线学习网如果文中含有 more than 或 as ??? as ，like ( a fly )等句型，则为比较级或比喻句结构，往往也是考题点，一般出“推断性题目”。
学习啦在线学习网托福阅读出题点七、同位语及插入语
文章中带有由 that is ，i.e. ，or 等词汇引导的名词词组，放在一个名词后面，为同位语;插入语是指副词、不定式、分词、从句等结构故在句首，句中或句尾，不做句子成分，但修饰整个句子、表达作者感情的语法结构。 这些用逗号隔开的持殊结构往往也是考查的重点，一般会出“细节性题目”。
学习啦在线学习网托福阅读出题点八、因果句
学习啦在线学习网句中若有如下结构或词汇的称为因果句：
(1) 因果连词：because，since，for，as，therefore，so，consequently 等
(2)表示因果的动词：cause ，result in ，originate from 等;
(3) 表示因果的名词： base, basis, result,consequence 等，这些因果句都是指明某两个事件之间因果关系的，尤为出题者所青陈。因为通过出题可以考查文中两个事件内在的因果关系。此种句型一般出“推断性问题”。
托福阅读出题点九、段落句
文章各段第一句( 段首句 )和末段员后一句( 文尾句 )都是十分重要的地方，往往是文章作者表达中思想，进行总结综述的地方，因此常出(1)主题性问题，(2)细节性问题(3)结构性问题。
托福阅读出题点十、特殊标点
学习啦在线学习网有一些特殊标点的含义也属于考查范围，它们是：
学习啦在线学习网(1) 破折号，表示解释。考细节性问题;
(2) 括号，表示解释。考细节性问题;
学习啦在线学习网(3) 冒号，一股同上，有时冒号也表示列举，则考“ EXCEPT ”题目;
(4) 引号。表示引用，考细节性问题：
(5) 惊叹号，表示作者感情，考态度性问题。
综上所述，我们可以利用上面所介绍的考题点，作为“路标”，迅速地指引我们找到正确答案;问时作为出题规律，检验自己所选答案的正确性。
托福阅读常见的词根总结1
1) aer, ar, 含义是“空气，大气” aeroplane, aerial,
2) ag, act, ig, 含义是“做，动作” active, agent, reaction,
3) alt, 含义是“高”， altitude,
学习啦在线学习网4) alter, altern, altr, 含义是“其它，变更” alternate,
5) bio, bi, bion, 含义是“生物，生命” biology, bionics(仿生学)
6) brev, bri, brief, 含义是“短” brief, abbreviation, abridge(节略)
学习啦在线学习网7) cap, capt, cept, cip, 含义是“取，获” capture, except, concept, capacity
学习啦在线学习网8) ced, ceed, cess, 含义是“行，让步” proceed, succeed, excess(过度)
学习啦在线学习网9) centr, centr, 含义是“中心” concentrate, eccentric(偏心的)
10) clain, clam, 含义是“呼喊” claim, proclaim, exclaim
11) clos, clud, 含义是“闭合” conclude, enclose, include
学习啦在线学习网12) col, cult, 含义是“耕耘” colony, cultivate, agriculture
学习啦在线学习网13) cor, cord, 含义是“心” cordial, record, accord
学习啦在线学习网14) curr, cur, cour, 含义是“跑，动作” current, occur, concurrence(同时发生)
15) dic, dict, 含义是“说，示” dictate, edit, indicate, predict
16) doc, doct, 含义是“教” doctor, document.nbsp
学习啦在线学习网17) duc, duct含义是“引导，传导” introduce, produce, conduct, deduct( 推论)
18) fact, fac, fect, dic, dit, 含义是“做，创造” factory, effect, profit, faculty, perfect
19) fend, fens, 含义是“打，击” defence, offence
学习啦在线学习网20) fer, 含义是“搬运，移转” ferry, transfer, defer(迟延)
21) fin, finit, 含义是“终，极” final, finish, confine
22) firm, 含义是“坚固” firm, confirm, affirm(断定)
23) fix, 含义是“固定” prefix, affix(附加)
24) flect, flex, 含义是“弯曲” flexible, reflex
25) flor, flour, flower, 含义是“花” flower, flourish
26) form, 含义是“形” uniform, formula, transform, reform, deform
学习啦在线学习网27) forc, fort, 含义是“力，强度” force, enforce, effort
28) gen, genit, 含义是“生产，发生” generate, generation
学习啦在线学习网29) gram, graph, 含义是“书写，记录” telegram, diagram, photograph
30) grad, gress, gred, gree, 含义是“步，阶段” gradually, degree, progress
31) hab, habit, hibit, 含义是“保持，住” inhabit, exhibit, prohibit
32) her, hes, 含义是“粘附” adhere, cohesion
33) ject, jet, 含义是“抛射” project, inject
学习啦在线学习网34) jour, 含义是“日，一天” journal(日记), journey, adjourn(延期)
学习啦在线学习网35) jug, junct, 含义是“结合，连合” conjunction, junction(连合)
学习啦在线学习网36) labour, labor, 含义是“劳动，工作” labourer, elaborate, collaborate
37) lect, leg, lig, 含义是“挑选，采集” collect, select, lecture
学习啦在线学习网38) lif, liv, 含义是“生活，生存” life, alive, live
39) loc, 含义是“场所，位置” location, dislocate(脱位)
学习啦在线学习网40) long, leng, ling, 含义是“长的” length, prolong, linger
41) loqu, locut, 含义是“说话” colloquial, eloquent,
42) mand, mend, 含义是“命令” command, demand, recommend
43) man, manu, 含义是“手，手法” manage, manual
学习啦在线学习网44) memor, menber, 含义是“记忆” memory, remember, memorial
45) mind, ment, 含义是“心” mind, remind, mental
学习啦在线学习网46) merc, merch, 含义是“贸易” commerce, merchant
学习啦在线学习网47) meas, mens, meter, metr, 含义是“测量，度量” measure, meter, diameter
48) min, 含义是“小” diminish, minority
学习啦在线学习网49) miss, mit, 含义是“派遣，送” mission, dismiss, transmit, missile
学习啦在线学习网50) mob, mot, mov, 含义是“动” movement, motion, mobile, remove
托福阅读常见的词根总结2
学习啦在线学习网51) nect, nex, 含义是“捆扎” connect, disconnect, annex(合并)
52) not, 含义是“记号，注意” note, denote, annotation(注释)
53) onom, onym, 含义是“名字” synonym, antonym, anonymous
学习啦在线学习网54) pair, par, 含义是“a)相同，对等b)准备” compare, prepare
学习啦在线学习网55) pel, puls, 含义是“追逐” expel, impel(推进)
56) pend, pens, pond, 含义是“悬挂” depend, independent, expense(支付)
学习啦在线学习网57) phon, 含义是“声音” symphony, telephone, microphone
学习啦在线学习网58) plac, 含义是“位置，场所” place, replace
学习啦在线学习网59) peopl, popul, publ, 含义是“人民，民众” public, republic, popular, people
学习啦在线学习网60) port, 含义是“搬运” export, import, deport(输送)
61) press, 含义是“压，压制” pressure, express, oppress, impression
学习啦在线学习网62) prob, proof, prov, 含义是“实验，验证” prove, approve,
63) quer, quest, quir, quis, 含义是“寻找，探问” inquiry, question, inquisition(调查，追究)
学习啦在线学习网64) rang, rank, 含义是“排列” arrange, rank,
学习啦在线学习网65) rect, right, rig, 含义是“正，直” correct, direct, erect
学习啦在线学习网66) riv, 含义是“河流，流远”，river, arrive, derive
67) rupt, 含义是“破坏，毁坏” eruption, bankrupt, corruption
68) sci, 含义是“认识，知识” science, conscious
学习啦在线学习网69) scrib, script, 含义是“书写，记录” describe, script
70) sens, sent, 含义是“感觉，情感” sensation, sentiment
71) sign, 含义是“标记，符号” signal, signature, design
学习啦在线学习网72) sembl, simil, 含义是“相似，类似” similar, resemble, assimilate(同化)
73) soci, 含义是“结合，社交” social, association
74) spec, spect, spitc, spis, 含义是“看，视” inspect, spectator, conspicuous, respect
学习啦在线学习网75) struct, 含义是“建筑，构造” structure, construct, instruct, destruction
学习啦在线学习网76) tect, teg, 含义是“遮蔽，掩盖” detect, protect
77) temp, tens, 含义是“时间，时机” tense, contemporary, temporal
78) tend, tes, tent, 含义是“倾向, 伸张” tendency, intension, extend, intend
学习啦在线学习网79) test, 含义是“证明，证实” testify, protest, contest(争论)
学习啦在线学习网80) text, 含义是“编织， 构成” textile, texture, context
81) tract, trail, 含义是“拖拉，吸引” attract, tractor, abstract, contract(收缩)
82) tribut, 含义是“给予” contribution, distribute
学习啦在线学习网83) us, ut, 含义是“用，使用” usable, utilize, abuse
学习啦在线学习网84) vac, van, 含义是“空，虚” vacancy, vanity, evacuate(清空)
学习啦在线学习网85) vad, vas, wad, 含义是“走，去” invade, wade, evade(逃避)
86) vers, vert, 含义是“旋转，反转” convert, inversion(倒转)， reverse, divert(使转向)
87) vid, vis, vey, view, 含义是“观看，看见” television, visible, evident, interview, survey
学习啦在线学习网88) viv, vit, 含义是“生，活” vivid, vital, survival,
学习啦在线学习网89) war, ward, 含义是“注意，保护” aware, wary(谨慎)， ward(守护)
学习啦在线学习网90) way, 含义是“路” way, away, subway, always
学习啦在线学习网老托福阅读试题及答案：PASSAGE 30相关文章：