高考英语必背知识点总结归纳
学习啦在线学习网高考英语必背知识点总结归纳2023
高考完进入好的院校,好的学校各方面的资源是非常丰富的。对于你日后的发展会起到意想不到的帮助效果。下面是小编给大家带来的高考英语必背知识点总结归纳,希望能够帮到你哟!
高中英语必背知识点总结归纳
1情态动词与助动词
学习啦在线学习网1、can能,可以,表说话人同意,许可还可表客观条件许可,如:You can go now.
学习啦在线学习网提建议或请求时可用can I, can you表客气,如Can I buy you a drink?
can和be able to表能力时的区别。
学习啦在线学习网can表一般具有的能力,be able to表在特定条件下的能力,如:Although the driver was badly hurt,he wasable to explain what had happened.
2、may
(1)可以,表说话人同意,许可或请求对方许可。You may go.
学习啦在线学习网(2)(现在和将来)可能,也许,只用于肯定句和否定句中,如He may not be right.
学习啦在线学习网3、must,have to
学习啦在线学习网must表主观上的必须,have to表客观上的必须,如:It's getting late. I have to go. -Must I go now.-Yes,you must.(No, you needn't./ No, you don't have to.)
4、need,dare这二词有实意动词和情态动词两种词性,如用作实意动词后接动词不定式to do,如用作情态动词后接动词原形。Need I go now? --Yes, you must./No, you needn't.)
5、shall用于第一人称疑问句中表说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请求,如,Shall we begin our lesson?用于二、三人称陈述句,表说话人命令、警告、允诺、威胁等口吻,如: You shall fail if you don't workharder.
6、should表应该,意为有责任,有义务。如:We should try our best to make our country more beautiful.
学习啦在线学习网7、will表有做某事的意志、意愿、安心、打算,如"Will you lend me your book?" "Yes, I will."
8、should have done表应该做而未做
must have done表对过去事实的肯定推测
学习啦在线学习网could have done表本可以做某事
9、判断句:肯定句用must, 否定句用can't,不太肯定用may,might
学习啦在线学习网He must be in the office now.
学习啦在线学习网He must have gone to bed, for the light is out.
He can't be in the office. He is at home.
学习啦在线学习网He couldn't have cleaned the classroom, because he didn't come here today.
He might be in the office, I am not sure.
学习啦在线学习网He might have cleaned the room, I suppose.
2让步状语从句
1、though,although,as的区别
学习啦在线学习网A、Though,although的主句中可以用yet, still, nevertheless,但不可使用but。
B、though引导的从句可以倒装,也可以不倒装;as引导的从句必须倒装;although引导的从句不能倒装。其结构为:形容词/分词/副词/动词原形/名词(无冠词)+as/though+主语+谓语……
学习啦在线学习网2、though可用作副词,放在句末,意为“不过,但是”。Although无此用法。
3、某些短语也引导让步的从句或短语,意为“尽管”,如:in spite of the fact that, despite the fact that,regardless of(the fact that)
句子种类
1、陈述句的否定
(1)在含有宾语从句的主从复合句中,当主句的谓语动词是think, expect, believe, suppose, guess, fancy,imagine等,且主句主语是第一人称时,宾语从句谓语的否定习惯上要移到主句谓语上,如: I don't think he is right.
学习啦在线学习网(2)含有否定意义的副词never, seldom, hardly, scarcely, rarely, barely的句子应视为否定句,如: I have never been there before.
2、反意疑问句
学习啦在线学习网(1)need和dare 既可作情态动词,又可作实意动词,在反问部分须加以区别,如We needn't leave, need we? We don't need to leave, do we?
(2)陈述部分出现否定意义的副词或代词如never, seldom, few, hardly, little等时,反问部分须用肯定形式,如:He seldom comes, does he?
(3)陈述部分用不定代词作主语时,反问部分的主语用it ,如:Nothing can stop me, can it?
学习啦在线学习网陈述部分用everybody, everyone, somebody, someone,等作主语时,反问部分常用it,有时也用they,如:Everybody knows that, don't they?
学习啦在线学习网(4)陈述部分包括used to 时,反问部分可有两种形式,如: You used to get up early, usedn't (didn't) you?
(5)陈述部分是"there + be"结构时,反问部分用there,如:There's something wrong with you, isn't there?
学习啦在线学习网(6)陈述部分是含有宾语从句的主从复合句时,反问部分的主语和谓语应和主句保持一致,如: He never told others what he thought, did he?
但,如果是I think , I believe等+宾语从句时,反问部分须和从句的动词保持一致,如,I don't think he is right, is he? I don't believe he does that, does he?
3、感叹句
用what或how,
What a beautiful park it is.
How beautiful a park it is.
学习啦在线学习网How beautiful the park is.
学习啦在线学习网How we worked!
4、祈使句
Take care!
Don't stand there.
学习啦在线学习网Please open the door for the old lady.
3不定式的构成
1、不定式的一般式:不定式的一般式所表示的动作通常与主要谓语的动作同时或几乎同时发生,或是在它之后发生。
如:They invited us to go there this summer.他们邀请我们今年夏天去那儿。He stood aside for me to pass.他站到一边让我通过。
学习啦在线学习网2、不定式的完成式:不定式的完成式所表示的动作在谓语所表示的动作之后发生,它在句中可作表语、状语、宾语,有时也可作主语、定语等。
如:She seemed to have heard about this matter.她似乎已听说过这件事。
学习啦在线学习网I am sorry to have kept you waiting so long.我很抱歉让你等了这么久。
学习啦在线学习网I meant to have told you about it,but I happened to have an important thing to do.我本来想告诉你这件事的,但我碰巧有一件重要的事要做。
It has been an honor for me to have traveled so much in your country.对我来说,在你们国家旅行这么多地方是一件很荣幸的事情。
学习啦在线学习网3、不定式的进行式:不定式的进行式表示正在进行的与谓语动词同时发生的动作。它在句中可以用作除谓语以外的所有成分。
学习啦在线学习网如:It’s nice of you to be helping us these days.你真好,这些天一直帮我们。
He pretended to be listening to the teacher carefully.他假装在认真地听老师讲课。We didn’t expect you to be waiting for us here.我们没料到你一直在这儿等我们。
学习啦在线学习网4、不定式的完成进行式:如果不定式表示的动作是谓语所表示
学习啦在线学习网5、动词不定式的否定形式是由not或never加不定式构成。如:Try not to be late again next time.尽量下次不要再迟到。He wished us never to meet her again.他希望我们永远不要再见到她。
学习啦在线学习网6、疑问词+动词不定式:不定式和疑问词whether,what,which,whom,where,when,how,why等连用可以在句中起名词的作用,通常跟在tell,know,show,decide,learn,wonder,explain,advise,teach,discuss,find out等动词后面作宾语,有时也可以充当主语、表语等。
学习啦在线学习网如:On hearing the news,he didn't know whether to laugh or to cry.听到这个消息,他不知道该哭还是该笑。
When to hold the meeting has not decided.什么时候开会还没有决定。
The most important problem is how to get so much money.最重要的事情是如何搞到这么多钱。
介词后一般不直接接不定式,但可以接疑问词+不定式短语作宾语。
如:Mary gave some advice on how to learn English.玛丽提了一些如何学习英语的建议。
学习啦在线学习网I have no idea of how to do it.我不知道该怎么做。
高考英语重点语法总结:各种时态的被动语态
被动语态概述
被动语态的概念:它是动词的一种形式,表示主语与谓语之间的执行或被执行关系。主动语态表示主语是谓语动作的执行者,例如:They saw the little boy crying by the river.被动语态表示主语是谓语动作的承受者,例如:The little boy was seen crying by the river.
被动语态的构成
学习啦在线学习网被动语态的形式是由“助动词be+动词的过去分词”构成。助动词be随着主语的人称、数、时态等的不同而变化。几种常见时态的被动语态形式如下:
学习啦在线学习网1.一般现在时am/is/are+过去分词
例如:Rice is planted in the south of China.
2.一般过去时was/were+过去分词
例如:These trees were planted the year before last.
学习啦在线学习网3.一般将来时will/shall+be+过去分词
学习啦在线学习网例如:A sports meeting will be held next week in our school.
4.现在进行时am/is/are+being+过去分词
学习啦在线学习网例如:Your radio is being repaired now.
学习啦在线学习网5.过去进行时was/were+being+过去分词
学习啦在线学习网When he got there,the problem was being discussed.
6.现在完成时have/has+been+过去分词
His work has been finished.
学习啦在线学习网Has his work been finished? Yes,it has./No,it hasn’t.
7.过去完成时had+been+过去分词
注意:1.除了be之外的其它系动词如get,stay等也可以和过
去分词构成被动语态。例如:Their questions haven’t got answered.
2.含有情态动词的谓语变成被动语态使用“情态动词+be+过去分词”结构。例如:
More attention should be paid to the old in this country.
学习啦在线学习网This work can’t be done until Mr.Black comes.
3.含有“be going to”,“be to”等结构的谓语,其被动语态分别用“be going to+be+过去分词”和“be to+be+过去分词”。例如:The problem is going to be discussed at the next meeting.
All these books are to be taken to the library.
4.被动语态与系表结构的区别:“连系动词+用作表语的过去分词”构成的系表结构,与被动语态的形式完全一样,所以应注
意它们的区别。被动语态中的过去分词是动词,多强调动作;系表结构中的过去分词相当于形容词,多强调状态。前者通常可用by 引出动作的执行者,而后者则不可以。例如:
学习啦在线学习网The map was changed by someone.(被动结构)
学习啦在线学习网That custom remained unchanged for many centuries.(系表结构)
系表结构中的过去分词通常可被very修饰,被动语态中的过去分词往往要用much修饰。
例如:He was very excited.(系表结构)
He was much excited by her words.(被动结构)
学习啦在线学习网5.主动形式表被动意义。有些动词的主动形式有被动意味,如 open,read,sell,shut,wash,wear,write等。此时句子的主语一般是物。
例如:These books sell well.这些书很畅销。
The door won’t shut.这门关不上。
The clothes wash well.这些衣服很好洗。
高考英语重点语法总结:直接引语和间接引语
学习啦在线学习网(一)直接引述别人的原话,叫做直接引语;用自己话转述别人的话,叫做间接引语。间接引语一般构成宾语从句。直接引
语必须放在引号内,间接引语则不用引号。直接引语改为间接引语时,除将引语部分变成宾语从句外,还必须对直接引语中的人
学习啦在线学习网称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等进行改变。
学习啦在线学习网1.时态的变化:直接引语变为间接引语时,通常受转述动词
said,asked等的影响而使用过去化的时态,即把原来的时态向过
去推,也就是一般现在时变为一般过去时,现在进行时变为过去进行时,等等。例如:
Tom said to me,“My brother is doing his homework.”
→Tom said to me that his brother was doing his homework.
2.人称代词、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等等的变化:
学习啦在线学习网根据意义进行相应的变化,例如:
学习啦在线学习网She asked Jack,“Where have you been?”
→She asked Jack where he had been.
He said,“These books are mine.”
学习啦在线学习网→He said that those books were his.
学习啦在线学习网(二)直接引语改为间接引语时,都使用陈述语序,但是因为原句的句式不同,所以变成间接引语时所用的连词会有所不同
学习啦在线学习网。直接引语如果是一般疑问句,用连接词whether或if;如果是特殊疑问句,则用疑问词引导间接引语。转述的动词一般用asked,
可以在其后加上一个间接宾语me,him,her,us等。如:
She said,“Is your father at home?”
→She asked me if/whether my father was at home.
“What do you do every Sunday?”My friend asked me.
→My friend asked me what I did every Sunday.
直接引语如果是祈使句,改为间接引语时,要将祈使句的动词原形变为带to的不定式,并在不定式的前面根据原句的语气(
学习啦在线学习网即请求或命令)加上ask,tell,order等动词,如果祈使句为否定式,则在不定式前加not。其句型为:ask/tell/order someone
学习啦在线学习网(not)to do something.例如:
学习啦在线学习网She said to us,“Please sit down.”
学习啦在线学习网→She asked us to sit down.
He said to him,“Go away!”
学习啦在线学习网→He ordered him to go away.
He said,“Don’t make so much noise,boys.”
学习啦在线学习网→He told the boys not to make so much noise.