托福独立写作怎么提高分数
托福独立写作是托福写作的一部分，要谨慎对待，努力练习提高分数。下面就是学习啦小编给大家整理的托福独立写作提高分数的方法，希望对你有用!
托福独立写作提高分数的方法
1、压缩审题时间。
学习啦在线学习网 如果对于一个闭卷考试来说，你花上3-5分钟来审题这无可厚非，这也是必须要做到的。在托福独立写作考试中，审清题目是非常必要的。但是对于托福独立写作考试来说，实际情况是独立写作就如同开卷考试一样。为什么说托福独立写作是开卷考试呢?首先它的题库是公开的，一般情况下它的题型或题材都不会超出题库的范围，再不济在题库当中我们也可以找到类似的题目，加之大家在备考的时候都会看机经，机经的强大之处相信不用小编多说了，这样托福写作独立写作考试就完全成为了一个开卷考试。
学习啦在线学习网 既然托福独立写作是开卷考试了，那么对于审题的时候，我们如果还停留在3-5分钟，那么对于托福考试是一个时间比较紧张的考试来说，是非常浪费的。考生可以利用这段时间用来打字会更好。所以在考试中应该会出现的思维风暴、切题思路之类的，这些都是事先已经准备过的，训练过的。如果在考试中出现了你从来就没有接触到的过的题目，那么只能说明你的准备不到位，如果你在考试中，你的审题时间超过了2分钟，那么你的准备也没有到位。对于开卷考试的思考思维就是这个样子，想要考取满分并不是靠临场发挥得来的，而是做足了充分的准备而得到的。
学习啦在线学习网 2、如果文章质量不能保证，那么用字数来提高。
学习啦在线学习网 在托福写作考试中，如果考生对于题目把握不到位的话，那么就可以从数量入手。曾经我有一个朋友在考试的时候，独立写作30分钟的考试时间里写了600多字的作文，从而拿到了托福独立写作满人。当然在它的作文中肯定有一些不足和错误 ，但对于托福作文拿满分仍然不影响。所以在这里小站教育编辑提醒大家的是，如果在考试中不能把文章写的很漂亮，即不能写出亮点时，那么你就多写点，字数多也是亮点的一种。那么想要在考试中写出一篇文章超长的作文，那么对于打字速度就是大家在备考的时候需要着重去练习的。
3、考前提炼自己的模板。
在托福独立写作考试中，如果使用模板可以为你节约很多的时间。如果按照你的文章字数是400字来算，那么你的文章中可能会有40-50个句子。如果你把这40-50个句子都排成编号，从第1个句子到40个句子，也就是从文章的第1句话到最后1句话，你都知道要写什么，并且知道要怎么去写，甚至是每个句子你都有很漂亮的句式，这样写出来的作文还怕得不到高分吗?再比如，这40-50个句子有一半都是固定的句式 ，那么就形成了自己的写作套路，那么就不用担心文章写不完了。这就是托福独立写作考试中的模板的作用。大家在备考托福写作的时候，对于各种题型都创建属于自己的模板，到时只需要将观点和例子加入其中，那么你的托福作文想不拿高分都不可能了。所以平时在备考时，对于题目库的题目大家要多多的练习，并对相近或者相似的题目去进行提炼自己的模板，可以为你的托福作文大大的提分。
托福独立写作中的常见审题误区
学习啦在线学习网 审题误区NO.1 忽略关键词
学习啦在线学习网 同学们考写作考了这么多年，大多数出题的形式都已烂熟于心，看到题目之后觉得熟悉于是兴冲冲提笔就写，其实，这种看似“熟练”的表象下藏着巨大的隐患——同学们很有可能因为看得太快而忽略某个决定题目意思的关键词。
例1：Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Advertising is the only main cause for people’s unhealthy eating habits.
学习啦在线学习网 看到这个题目，同学们立刻会开始想，有没有other reasons for unhealthy habits，想出三条:1. People’s tight schedules do not allow them to eat at regular hours; 2. Sometimes people are eager to lose weight or to keep fit so that they go on “endless diets”; 3. Bearing heavy burden both physically and mentally, some consider eating constantly as their most effective stressreliever. 综上所述，advertising is not the only cause.
这个写法看起来非常完备，但其实犯了一个不起眼却严重的错误——题目不是要我们证明it is not the only cause，而是要我们去证明it is not the only main cause。多一个“main”，意思是很不一样的。如果我们只需要证明it is not the only cause，那么找出other causes即可即例1中的写法。但是，如果我们要证明it is not the only main cause，就需要证明other causes that we mentioned are also main causes，这就需要在每一段中加上一些专门的说明。或者，更简单的办法是去证明advertising is not even a cause, 直接在每段的末尾加上advertising与该段所论述的unhealthy eating habit无关的论述即可。If it is not a cause, how can it be the only main cause? 这样一来，就不用通过证明还有其他main cause来反驳了，事实上，证明某种cause是main cause还是挺有难度的，因此笔者推荐同学们用后一种方式进行论述。因此，文章还是disagree，而三段的主题句分别应该是：1. People’s tight schedules do not allow them to eat at regular hours, and it is obvious that they are too busy to be influenced by advertising; 2. Sometimes people are eager to lose weight or to keep fit so that they go on“endless diets”, and this is more like a result of human nature, the pursuit of beauty, but not advertising; 3. Bearing heavy burden both physically and mentally, some consider eating constantly as their most effective stress reliever, and it is quite clear that no advertising encourages them to do so.
例2：Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Colleges and universities should offer more preparation for student before they start working.
看到这个题目，很多同学会可能会这样写：Agree. 1. Students should take more specialized courses (专业课)in order to be knowledgeable and skillful enough for their future careers(接着开始论述being knowledgeable and skillful的重要性); 2. Participating in internships helps students to have a clearer picture of their vocational development in the future(接着开始论述如果没有实过习，在工作的时候是多么地feel so unprepared); 3. Attending more club activities is an effective way to improve social skills, which are crucial for success both in life and at work(接着开始论述good social skills对职业和生活的帮助). 如果不看括号里的内容，仅看主题句，这篇文章是没有任何问题的。然而，括号中的论述从严格意义上来讲，是不能支持“more”这个关键词的。举个简单的例子：“我们需要钱”和“我们需要更多钱”在证明的时候重点是不一样的。如果证明“我们需要钱”，应该详细阐述钱的“不可或缺性”，比如生活、学习、教育都需要钱;但是如果证明“我们需要更多钱”，重点则应该放在“钱不够”的论述上，证明在学习、生活、教育方面的预算都很紧张。同样地，上面的题目中仅仅证明Knowledge for careers, field experience and social skills are important是不够的，事实上，这些根本不需要证明，需要证明的事情是graduates today are not well prepared in the three aspects. 因此这篇文章应该是一篇“抱怨型”的文章，详细地去论述学校工作的不足。参考思路如下：Agree. 1. Many students today complain that they cannot learn practical skills and up-to-date information, for some of their teachers are not qualified enough to teach specialized courses; 2. Since many students are not allowed enough time to participate in internship programs before graduation, they know very little about what their future jobs like; 3. Joining clubs is possible for every college student, yet not every club provide is capable of offering enough opportunities for students to practice their social skills.
学习啦在线学习网 同学们在写文章的时候一定要注意，学术论文写作不是句型和辞藻的堆砌，整篇文章一定是一个well-organized system，这个system中很重要的原则之二就是——1、每个中间段的topic sentence是用来支持main idea的;2、topic sentence后面的每句话都是用来支持该topic sentence的。在上面的两个例子中，大家会发现例1的错误主要是main idea没有很好地被topic sentence支持;而例2的错误在于topic sentence虽然看起来是支持main idea的，但是论述的内容可能跟关键词“more”无关，从而不能有力地支持topic sentences。这些错误的起因，则是对题干中关键词的忽略。
学习啦在线学习网 审题误区NO.2 误解关键词
与忽略关键词的人不同，有些同学过于执着于关键词的字面意思，而没能看出其背后的implication，从而被关键词限制住思路，无法下笔。比起忽略关键词，这种错误更常发生在细心且实力不错的同学身上，也很值得大家注意。笔者建议，在写文章的时候要灵活，不要拘泥于关键词的字面意思，否则理由很不好想，就算想出来也很难用英文表达。例3：Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The government should spend more money on elementary school education than on university education.
学习啦在线学习网 题目的意思是说，比起投资大学教育，政府应该在小学教育上投入更多的资金。看到这个题，同学们会有不同的看法，大体来讲无非是两种——认为university education应该花更多的钱或反之。但是，大家很快会发现证明任何一种观点都是不容易的。比如说，有些同学可能会这样写：Agree. 1. Elementary school education involves more students than university education and it requires more money; 2. Colleges and universities have more sponsors than elementary schools so that the government should offer more financial support for the latter. 3. Since elementary school education is the cornerstone of university education, it deserves more money from the government.
上面的主题句看起来是没有问题的，然而在展开的时候困难重重——第一个点里说Pupils的数量多所以花钱多，这的确是事实，可是pupil人均所需要的经费却肯定比university students少，最关键的是，我们并没有数据作为支撑;第二点里说校友或社会人士的支持使得大学在财政方便面比小学要宽裕的多，然而，这还是一个没有数据就无法证明的观点;第三点里说elementary school education是university education的基础所以前者就应当比后者得到更多的预算，这是一个典型的逻辑错误，因此在段落展开的时候将会十分困难。A是B的基础并不意味着要为A花更多的钱。总之，钱本身就是一个可以量化的东西，如果真的以钱的多少来写这道题，在没有数据支持的情况下是很难成文的。许多同学之所以在写的时候觉得自己的文章很牵强，就是因为把该文当成了论述题，而大家要知道，论述题都是要会给出数据让我们来分析的。那么，在没有数据的情况下，这种题目该怎么写呢?找到money后面的implication很重要。其实，题目并不是要我们去讨论哪种教育应该花更多的钱，而是让我们去对比两种教育的重要性，自然地，更加重要的教育就应该花更多的钱。所以我们可以有以下论述：
(Main idea) I cannot agree that the government should spend more money on elementary school education than on university education, because they are equally important.
学习啦在线学习网 (Topic sentence) 1. Elementary school education prepares children for college education by teaching them how to learn and what they are supposed to learn.
2. University education helps students to be ready for the competitive job market by equip them with excellent knowledge forjobs and good communication skills.
学习啦在线学习网 (Conclusion) Since elementary school education and university education are both indispensable and irreplaceable parts of our lifelong education and they complete each other, it would be rigid to say that anyone of them deserves more money than the other.
其实，审题仅仅是写作考试的第一步，在这之后还有构思、寻找素材、语言表达等一系列步骤。在以后的文章中，笔者将会对这些内容进行详细的论述，告诉大家如何写出符合满分要求又achievable的文章。最后，附上笔者所作范文一篇(例2)，供大家参考。
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Colleges and universities should offer more preparation for student before they start working.
Colleges and universities are the very places where students prepare themselves for the competitive job market. They take specialized courses, participate in internships and also attend club activities. Although universities and colleges have done much for their students’ graduation, there is still more they can do.
Many students today complain that their specialized courses cannot satisfy their need for practical skills and knowledge for specific careers. The enrollment of colleges and universities in my country has been increased considerably over the past decades, but the quality and the numbers of teachers and professors did not improve that much. Many newly graduated students without any field experience joined faculties due to the lack of teachers, and students find it hard to learn anything more than what their text books contain from these inexperienced teachers. Colleges and universities really should spend more money on hiring experienced and qualified teachers to teach specialized courses, providing students with what they really desire.
Internships and club activities provide students with chances to practice their social skills, but internships are usually too short and club activities are not always available to all students. My sister is now a junior in university and she only had a two months’ internship during her summer vacation. She complained that since the internship was too short, the company did not take it seriously and she was required to do nothing but buying coffee or ordering meals on the phone and she seldom had chances to communicate with colleagues or clients. Club activities are only available to active students who attend “active clubs” like Student Union, and members of other clubs seldom have opportunities to organized activities due to their shortage of money, resources, and even authorization. Universities and colleges should allow students more time for internships and pay equal attention to all clubs instead of supporting the “active clubs” exclusively.
学习啦在线学习网 University students today have already known much more about what life is like after graduation, but they are still not fully prepared. Measures that I mentioned above should be taken if colleges and universities aim to have them ready for the fierce competition ahead.
托福独立写作中易犯的10个错误
1、不一致(Disagreements)
所谓不一致不光指主谓不一致，它还包括了数的不一致时态不一致及代词不一致等。
学习啦在线学习网 例: When one have money，he can do what hewant to。
学习啦在线学习网 人一旦有了钱，他就能想干什么就干什么。
剖析：one是单数第三人称，因而本句的have应改为has; 同理，want应改为wants。本句是典型的主谓不一致。
改为：Once one has money，he can do what he wants(to do)。
学习啦在线学习网 2、修饰语错位(Misplaced Modifiers)
学习啦在线学习网 英语与汉语不同，同一个修饰语置于句子不同的位置，句子的含义可能引起变化。对于这一点中国学生往往没有引起足够的重视，因而造成了不必要的误解。
例: I believe I can do it well and I will better knowthe world outside the campus。
剖析：better位置不当，应置于句末。
3、句子不完整(Sentence Fragments)
在口语中，交际双方可借助手势语气上下文等，不完整的句子完全可以被理解。可是书面语就不同了，句子结构不完整会令意思表达不清，这种情况常常发生在主句写完以后，笔者又想加些补充说明时发生。
例:There are many ways to know the society. For example by TV，radio，newspaper and so on。
学习啦在线学习网 剖析：本句后半部分“for example by TV, radio, newspaper and so on”不是一个完整的句子，仅为一些不连贯的词语，不能独立成句。
改为：There are many ways to know society，for example，by TV，radio，and newspaper。
4、悬垂修饰语(DanglingModifiers)
所谓悬垂修饰语是指句首的短语与后面句子的逻辑关系混乱不清。
学习啦在线学习网 例: To do well in college，good grades areessential。
学习啦在线学习网 剖析：句中不定式短语“to do well in college” 的逻辑主语不清楚。
学习啦在线学习网 改为：To do well in college， a student needs goodgrades。
5、词性误用(Misuse of Parts of Speech)
学习啦在线学习网 “词性误用”常表现为：介词当动词用;形容词当副词用;名词当动词用等。
例:None can negative the importance of money。
剖析：negative 系形容词，误作动词。
学习啦在线学习网 改为：None can deny the importance of money。
学习啦在线学习网 6、指代不清(AmbiguousReference of Pronouns)
指代不清主要讲的是代词与被指代的人或物关系不清，或者先后所用的代词不一致。
例1：Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted her to be her bridesmaid。
玛丽和我姐姐很要好，因为她要她做她的伴娘。
读完上面这一句话，读者无法明确地判断两位姑娘中谁将结婚，谁将当伴娘。如果我们把易于引起误解的代词的所指对象加以明确，意思就一目了然了。这个句子可改为：
学习啦在线学习网 Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted my sister to be her bridesmaid。
学习啦在线学习网 例2：. And we can also know the society by serving it yourself。
学习啦在线学习网 剖析：句中人称代词we 和反身代词yourself指代不一致。
改为：We can also know society by serving it ourselves。
学习啦在线学习网 7、不间断句子(Run-on Sentences)
学习啦在线学习网 什么叫run-on sentence?请看下面的例句。
例：There are many ways we get to know the outside world。
学习啦在线学习网 剖析：这个句子包含了两层完整的意思：“There are many ways” 以及“We get to know theoutside world”。简单地把它们连在一起就不妥当了。
改为：There are many ways for us to learn about the outside world。
或：There are many ways through which we can become acquainted with theoutside world。
8、措词毛病(Troubles in Diction)
Diction是指在特定的句子中如何适当地选用词语的问题，囿于教学时间紧迫，教师平时在这方面花的时间往往极其有限，影响了学生在写作中没有养成良好的推敲，斟酌的习惯。他们往往随心所欲，拿来就用。所以作文中用词不当的错误比比皆是。
例：The increasing use of chemical obstacles in agriculture also makes pollution。
农业方面化学物质使用的不断增加也造成了污染。
学习啦在线学习网 剖析：显然，考生把obstacles“障碍”，“障碍物”误作substance“物质”了。另外“the increasing use (不断增加的使用)” 应改为“abusive use (滥用)”。
学习啦在线学习网 改为：The abusive use of chemical substances in agriculture also causes/leads to pollution。
9、累赘(Redundancy)
学习啦在线学习网 言以简洁为贵。写句子没有一个多余的词;写段落没有一个无必要的句子。能用单词的不用词组;能用词组的不用从句或句子。如：
学习啦在线学习网 例1：In spite of the fact that he is lazy，I like him。
学习啦在线学习网 本句的“the fact that he is lazy”系同谓语从句，我们按照上述“能用词组的不用从句”
学习啦在线学习网 可以改为：In spite of his laziness，I like him。
学习啦在线学习网 例2： For the people who are diligent and kind，money is just the thing to be used to buy the thing they need。
学习啦在线学习网 剖析：整个句子可以大大简化。
改为：Diligent，caring people use money only to buy what they need。
学习啦在线学习网 10、不连贯(Incoherence)
不连贯是指一个句子前言不对后语，或是结构上不畅通。这也是考生常犯的毛病。
例： The fresh water，it is the most important things of the earth。
剖析：The fresh water 与逗号后的it 不连贯。It 与things 在数方面不一致。
改为：Fresh water is the most important thing in the world。
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