2018年考研英语真题及答案解析

时间：2017-10-21 08:19:54 睿柠1003由分享

　　考研英语最重要的就是做好真题的题海战，只有将真题啃透，才能在实战中得到更高分。下面是小编分享的考研英语真题及答案解析，一起来看看吧。

　　考研英语真题及答案解析一

学习啦在线学习网　　Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

　　In Cambodia, the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male. It may involve not only his parents and his friends, __1__those of the young woman, but also a matchmaker. A young man can __2__ a likely spouse on his own and then ask his parents to __3__the marriage negotiations, or the young man’s parents may take the choice of a spouse, giving the child little to say in the selection. __4__, a girl may veto the spouse her parents have chosen. __5__ a spouse has been selected, each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying __6__ a good family.

　　The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair. Formerly it lasted three days, __7__1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half. Buddhist priests offer a short sermon and __8__ prayers of blessing. Par--ts of the ceremony involve ritual hair cutting,__9__cotton threads soaked in holy water around the bride's and groom's wrists, and __10__a candle around a circle of happily married and respected couples to bless the __11__. Newlyweds traditionally move in with the wife's parents and may__12__ with them up to a year, __13__they can build a new house nearby.

学习啦在线学习网　　Divorce is legal and easy to __14__, but not common. Divorced persons are __15__ with some disapproval. Each spouse retains ___16___ property he or she __17__ into the marriage, and jointly-acquired property is __18__ equally. Divorced persons may remarry, but a gender prejudice __19__up. The divorced male doesn't have a waiting period before he can remarry __20__the woman must wait ten months.

学习啦在线学习网　　1. A. by way of B. with regard to C. on behalf of D. as well as

　　2. A. decide on B. provide for C. compete with D. adapt to

学习啦在线学习网　　3. A. close B. arrange C. renew D. postpone

学习啦在线学习网　　4. A. In theory B. Above all C. In time D. For example

　　5. A. Unless B. Less C. After D. Although

　　6. A. into B. within C. from D. through

　　7. A. or B. since C. but D. so

　　8. A. test B. copy C. recite D. create

　　9. A. folding B. piling C. wrapping D. tying

　　10. A. passing B. lighting C. hiding D. serving

　　11. A. association B. meeting C. collection D. union

　　12. A. deal B. part C. grow D. live

学习啦在线学习网　　13. A. whereas B. until C. for D. if

　　14. A. avoid B. follow C. challenge D. obtain

　　15. A. isolated B. persuaded C. viewed D. exposed

学习啦在线学习网　　16. A. wherever B. whatever C. whenever D. however

　　17. A. changed B. brought C. shaped D. pushed

学习啦在线学习网　　18. A. invested B. divided C. donated D. withdrawn

　　19. A. warms B. clears C. shows D. breaks

　　20. A. while B. so that C. once D. in that

学习啦在线学习网　　1.[标准答案] [D]as well as

　　[考点分析] 本题考察逻辑关系

　　[选项分析] 因为考察逻辑关系，所以需要我们先对填空前后的原文信息做定位分析：文章身处大环境not only…..but also之中，这是一个明显的并列关系，表示“不仅……而且……”该空与前一句“his parents and his friends”也是并列关系，表示“与他本人以及伴侣的父母朋友相关” 所以答案只能是D. as well as.

　　A. by way of通过 B. with regard to 关于 C. on behalf of 代表

学习啦在线学习网　　2.[标准答案] [A] decide on

学习啦在线学习网　　[考点分析] 上下文语义

　　[选项分析] 根据该句的主语a young man与宾语a likely spouse的关系，答案只能是A. decide on 决定。表示自己决定自己的对象。B. provide for 为……提供准备 C. compete with与……竞争 D. adapt to适用

　　3.[标准答案] [B]arrange

　　[考点分析] 上下文语义及动词辨析

　　[选项分析] 该句意思为，他可以自己选择自己中意的伴侣并让父母_____相关事务。四个选项中，A. close 关闭 C renew 更新;恢复 D postpone“推迟”，语义不正确，只有B arrange安排是符合语境。

　　4.[标准答案] [A]In theory

学习啦在线学习网　　[考点分析] 上下文语义

　　[选项分析]逻辑判断题。主要是看前后两句的含义，前面是说“他可以自己选择自己中意的伴侣并让父母安排相关事务，或者几乎不参与，完全让父母选择自己的对象。” 空格后面说“女方可以拒绝她父母所选择的对象。”这两句之间没有举例说明的关系，且有一个may，更证明A. In theory的正确性。而其他选项 B. Above all最重要的是， C. In time 准时 D. For example举例，均不符合题意。

学习啦在线学习网　　5.[标准答案] [C]After

学习啦在线学习网　　[考点分析] 上下文语义

学习啦在线学习网　　[选项分析]根据下文“______a spouse has been selected, each family investigates the other……”知道，只有对象选择好后，父母才会去调查研究对方的背景。所以只有after才对。其他选项A. Unless 除非，否则 B. Lest 以免，唯恐 D. Although 尽管都不符合题意。

　　6.[标准答案] [A]into

　　[考点分析] 上下文语义及介词词义辨析

学习啦在线学习网　　[选项分析] 这里主要是看marry与相关介词的固定搭配。这里marry into就是指嫁到，而其他选项均没有这层含义。

　　7.[标准答案] [C]but

　　[考点分析] 逻辑关系题

　　[选项分析]根据上文，说传统的婚礼时间跨度很长，但是到了1980s, 婚礼只持续一天半。所以与前文发生转变。因此要选择but转折关系。

学习啦在线学习网　　8.[标准答案] [C]recite

　　[考点分析] 上下文语义及动词词义辨析

　　[选项分析]空格处需要填一个动词，和后面的prayers of blessing所搭配，C选项recite 为背诵的意思，与所给短语搭配最为合理，译为“为祈祷者做祈福”。

学习啦在线学习网　　9.[标准答案] [D]tying

　　[考点分析] 上下文语义及动词词义辨析

　　[选项分析] 本题需要根据上下文语义分析，空格处需要搭配后文“棉花线头”，纵观四个选项[A]折叠

　　[B]堆积 [C]包裹 [D]系上，根据选项含义，只有D和后文的“棉花线头”搭配最为合理。

学习啦在线学习网　　10.[标准答案] [A]passing

学习啦在线学习网　　[考点分析] 上下文语义及动词词义辨析

学习啦在线学习网　　[选项分析] 本题根据选项[A]传递[B]点亮 [C]隐藏 [D]服务，原文空格需要填写一个动词与后文“around a circle”来搭配，译为“将蜡烛传一圈”，故[A]传递为正确选项。

学习啦在线学习网　　11.[标准答案] [D]union

　　[考点分析] 名词词义辨析

学习啦在线学习网　　[选项分析] 本题根据选项[A]协会，社团[B]会议，会面 [C]集合 [D]结合。本句语义为“这些受尊敬的夫妻祈祷…”根据语境，结婚是一种夫妻二人的结合，因此，选项[D]结合更符合语境。

　　12.[标准答案] [D]live

学习啦在线学习网　　[考点分析] 上下文语义及动词词义辨析

　　[选项分析] 本题比较简单。根据语义“根据传统，新婚夫妇要搬到妻子父母家，与父母____一年”根据语境，应为[D]居住为最佳答案。

学习啦在线学习网　　13. [标准答案] [B]until

学习啦在线学习网　　[考点分析] 时间逻辑关系

学习啦在线学习网　　[选项分析] 根据原文，“_____他们在附近建造一栋新房子” [A]然而[B]直到 [C]为 [D]如果结合语境，[B]直到最符合原文语境，搭配最为合理。

学习啦在线学习网　　14. [标准答案] [D]obtain

　　[考点分析] 上下文语义及动词词义辨析

学习啦在线学习网　　[选项分析] Divorce is legal and relatively easy to __14__, but not common.该句句意为离婚是合法的，且相对容易____. A.avoid 避免B.follow 跟随C.chanllenge挑战，质疑D.obtain获得。这里出现and,所以对于离婚这件事不可能是避免或是挑战，但是跟随和离婚之间语义不符，但是获得离婚(的批准)是可以的。选D.

　　15.[标准答案] [D] viewed

　　[考点分析] 上下文语义及动词词义辨析

学习啦在线学习网　　[选项分析] Divorced persons are __15__ with some disapproval.离婚的人…一些不赞同。在段首，已经注明离婚是合法的且相对容易得到批准，但是不常见。这说明离婚在现实中肯定是不太受到人们的欢迎的。而接下来这句就说离婚的人…一些不赞同。再看选项：A.isolated孤立 B.persuaded劝说C.viewed看做 D. exposed接触，受到…的影响 C选项固定搭配被认为，放进。

　　16.[标准答案] [B]whatever

学习啦在线学习网　　[考点分析] 语法

学习啦在线学习网　　[选项分析Each spouse retains ___16___ property he or she __17__ into the marriage, 17个空对应的都是动词，所以该句意思为：夫妇双方保有…财产，这个财产是他或她…(动词)进婚姻的。结合选项A whenever“无论何地;任何(地方)=any place where(定从)”。B whatever“无论什么;任何(东西)=anything that/any+N that”。C whenever无论何时;任何(时间=any time when)D however 无论如何;无论多么。根据语义，这里应该不是让步的关系,而且填的这个词还要能修饰property。因此，选择B =retains any property that he or she ….

学习啦在线学习网　　17.[标准答案] [B]brought

学习啦在线学习网　　[考点分析] 上下文语义及动词义辨析

学习啦在线学习网　　[选项分析] Each spouse retains ___16___ property he or she __17__ into the marriage,结合选项A changed“改变”。B brought “带来”。C shaped“形成” D pushed“推，逼迫”。结合语境只有B符合，把财产带入婚姻。

　　18.[标准答案] [B]divided

　　[考点分析] 上下文语义及动词义辨析

学习啦在线学习网　　[选项分析] …and jointly-acquired property is __18__ equally.结合选项A invested投资.[B]divided平分 [C] donated 捐赠[D]withdrawn撤出，提取。根据语义应该是共同财产被(夫妻双方)平分。

学习啦在线学习网　　19.[标准答案] [C]shows

学习啦在线学习网　　[考点分析] 动词固定搭配

　　[选项分析] Divorced persons may remarry, but a gender prejudice __19__up. 该句语义为离过婚的人或许会再婚，但是性别偏见…。结合选项A. warm(up)加热 B.clear(up) 变晴C.show (up) 显现D.break(up)分裂，分开;，显然C是正确选项。

　　20.[标准答案] [A]while

　　[选项分析] 上下文语义

　　[考点分析] 很明显的两类人的对比比较关系。只能选择while.

　　【真题翻译】在柬埔寨，伴侣的选择对于年轻男性来说是一个复杂的问题。这不仅与他本人以及未来伴侣的父母朋友相关，而且与媒婆也有着千丝万缕的关系。他可以自己选择自己中意的伴侣并让父母安排相关事务，或者几乎不参与，完全让父母选择自己的对象。理论上来说，女方可以拒绝她父母所选择的对象。在选好自己的对象后，每个家庭都能会去调查对方家庭来确保他们的孩子嫁到好人家。

　　传统的婚礼是一段漫长，多姿多彩的过程。从前会持续三天，但是到了20世纪80年代，一般会持续一天半。佛教徒通常会做简短诵经，并为新人祈福。仪式通常包括剪发，在新郎新娘的胳膊上系上浸满圣水的棉绳，在幸福的、受人尊敬的夫妇中传递蜡烛来祈祷新人的结合。通常情况下，新婚夫妇会到妻子父母家里住一年，直到他们在附近建一栋新房子为止。

　　离婚是合法的，而且很容易获得批准，但是在实际中这种情况并不常见。离过婚的男女会受到一些人的诟病。夫妇双方在离婚后可保有他或她婚前带来的财产，而且可平分婚后共同取得的财产。离过婚的人或许会再婚，但是性别偏见还是很明显。比如，离过婚的男性再婚前不需要一段等待期而女性则需要等待十个月。

　　考研英语真题及答案解析二

　　Part A

学习啦在线学习网　　Directions：Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)

　　Text1

　　France，which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for women. Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runways. The parliament also agreed to ban websites that “incite excessive thinness” by promoting extreme dieting.

　　Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up impinging on health. That’s a start. And the ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starving themselves to death –as some have done. It tells the fashion industry that it must take responsibility for the signal it sends women, especially teenage girls, about the social tape-measure they must use to determine their individual worth.

　　The bans, if fully enforced, would suggest to women (and many men) that they should not let others be arbiters of their beauty. And perhaps faintly, they hint that people should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to size zero or wasp-waist physiques.

　　The French measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep-and bone-showing. Under the law, using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mass could result in a ,000 fine and six months in prison.

　　The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types. In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries, it is trying to set voluntary standards for models and fashion images that rely more on peer pressure for enforcement.

学习啦在线学习网　　In contrast to France’s actions, Denmark’s fashion industry agreed last month on rules and sanctions regarding the age, health, and other characteristics of models. The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical Charter clearly states:”We are aware of and take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on young people”. The charter’s main tool of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen Fashion Week (CFW), which is run by the Danish Fashion Institute. But in general it relies on a name-and -shame method of compliance.

学习啦在线学习网　　Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step. Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry.

学习啦在线学习网　　1. According to the first paragraph，what would happen in France?

　　[A]Physical beauty would be redefined.

　　[B]New runways would be constructed.

　　[C]Websites about dieting would thrive.

　　[D]The fashion industry would decline.

　　2. The phrase “impinging on”(Line 2，Para.2) is closest in meaning to

　　[A]heightening the value of

学习啦在线学习网　　[B]indicating the state of

　　[C]losing faith in

　　[D]doing harm to

学习啦在线学习网　　3. Which of the following is true of the fashion industry?

学习啦在线学习网　　[A]The French measures have already failed.

　　[B]New standards are being set in Denmark.

　　[C]Models are no longer under peer pressure.

　　[D]Its inherent problems are getting worse.

　　4.A designer is most likely to be rejected by CFW for

　　[A]pursuing perfect physical conditions

学习啦在线学习网　　[B]caring too much about model’s character.

　　[C]showing little concern for health factors

学习啦在线学习网　　[D]setting a high age threshold for models.

学习啦在线学习网　　5.Which of the following may be the best title of the text?

　　[A]A Challenge to the Fashion Industry’s Body Ideals

　　[B]A Dilemma for the Starving models in France

学习啦在线学习网　　[C]Just Another Round of Struggle for Beauty

　　[D]The Great Threats to the Fashion Industry

学习啦在线学习网　　1.答案 A Physical beauty would be redefined

　　解析：这是一道细节题，根据France定位到第一段第一句，主干成分为France has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty。此外第二段第二句They suggest beauty should not be define by looks…故而A physical beauty would be redefined为同义替换，即为正确答案。

　　2.答案 D doing harm to

　　解析：此题为词义题。定位到第二段第二句They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up impinging on health. 根据end up 可以看出beauty should not be defined by looks 和that end up impinging on health为顺承关系，所以“改变人们对美不仅仅是外表的定义”可以结束对健康的危害。故而可以推知doing harm to是正确答案。

　　3.答案 B New Standards are being set in Denmark

学习啦在线学习网　　解析：此题是正误判断题。根据第五段第二句话 In Denmark,…it is trying to set voluntary standards for models and fashion…可知B选项 New standards are being set in Denmark是其同义替换。

　　4.答案 C showing little concern for health factors

　　解析：细节题。一个设计师很可能因为什么原因被CFW拒绝，根据关键词可回到文中定位至倒数第二段，首句说丹麦的时尚界就有关模特的年龄，健康及其他特性的内容达成一致意见，切一项新法案也明确规定，他们已经意识到时尚界对于人们尤其是年轻人的身体健康所带来的影响，并且该对此负责，接着下一句就说，这一法规的执行方式就是拒绝一些设计师，因为可以推断设计师很可能因为不考虑身体健康因素而被CFW拒绝。

　　5.答案 D A challenge to the Fashion Industry’s Body Ideals

　　解析：主旨题。本文从首段就开始阐述法国的观点，即时尚界已经失去了定义女性身体之美的权利，且议会也禁止网站通过宣传过度节食来强调过度消瘦。二段继续说明美丽不能只看外表更不能以牺牲健康为代价。三段说女性不该让他人来评判自己的美丽。以及后面的段落中也一直在不断说明一点，即健康很重要，不能只看外表。所以文章最佳标题应该是D，对时尚界完美身材的质疑。