小学英语语法知识点归纳
小学英语语法知识点归纳
小学生们正是开始吸收知识的时候,在小学学英语的时候最好能够掌握好的语法,为以后的英语学习打下良好的基础。
1.人称代词
学习啦在线学习网 主格: I we you she he it they
宾格: me us you her him it them
形容词性物主代词:my our your her his its their
学习啦在线学习网 名词性物主代词: mine ours yours hers his its theirs
2.形容词和副词的比较
(1) 一般在形容词或副词后+er
older ,taller, longer, stronger
学习啦在线学习网 (2) 多音节词前+more
学习啦在线学习网 more interesting, etc.
学习啦在线学习网 (3) 双写最后一个字母,再+er
bigger fatter, etc.
(4) 把y变i,再+er
heavier, earlier
学习啦在线学习网 (5) 不规则变化:
well-better, much/many-more, etc.
3.可数词的复数形式
Most nouns + s abook –books
Nouns ending in aconsonant +y - y+ ies a story—stories
Nouns ending in s,sh, ch or x + es a glass—glasses a watch-watches
学习啦在线学习网 Nouns ending in o+s or +es a piano—pianos a mango—mangoes
Nouns ending in for fe - f or fe +ves a knife –knives a shelf-shelves
4.不可数名词(单复数不变)
bread, rice, water ,juice等。
5.缩略形式
I’m= I a, you’re = you are, she’s= she is, he’s = he is
it’s= it is, who’s =who is, can’t =can not, isn’t=is not等。
6.a/an
a book, a peach
an egg, an hour
7.Preposition
on, in ,in front of, between, next to, near, beside, at,behind.
学习啦在线学习网 表示时间: at six o’clock, at Christmas, at breakfast
学习啦在线学习网 on Monday, on 15th July, On National Day
学习啦在线学习网 in the evening, in December, in winter
8.基数词和序数词
one – first, two-second,twenty-twentieth
9.some/any
I have some toys in my bedroom.
Do you have any brothers or sisters?
10.be动词
学习啦在线学习网 (1) Basic form: am/are/is
(2) 肯定和否定句 I am(not) from London.
My eyes are(not) small.
My hair is(not) long.
学习啦在线学习网 (3)一般疑问句: Am I a Chniese? Yes, you are. No, you aren’t.
Are they American? Yes, they are. No,they aren’t.
学习啦在线学习网 Is the cat fat? Yes,it is. No, it isn’t.
11.there be结构
肯定句:There is a …
学习啦在线学习网 Thereare …
一般疑问句: Is there …? Yes, there is./ No, there isn’t.
学习啦在线学习网 Arethere…? Yes, there are. /No, there aren’t.
否定句: There isn’t ….
学习啦在线学习网 Therearen’t….
12.祈使句
Sit down please
学习啦在线学习网 Don’tsit down, please.
13.现在进行时
通常用“now”.
形式: be + verb +ing
eg: I am(not) doing my homework.
You/We/They are(not) reading.
He/She/It is(not) eating.
学习啦在线学习网 动词—ing 的形式
Most verbs +ing walk—walking
学习啦在线学习网 Verbs ending in e -e + ing come—coming
Short verbs ending in a vowel + a consonant run –running swim—swimming
14.一般现在时
学习啦在线学习网 通常用 “usually, often, every day,sometimes”。
肯定句:
学习啦在线学习网 I go to school on foot every day.
She goes to school on foot every day.
一般疑问句:
Do you jump high? Yes, I do. / No, I don’t.
Does he jump high? Yes, he does. / No, he doesn’t.
否定句: We don’t go to school on Sundays.
学习啦在线学习网 My mother doesn’t like watching TV in the evening.
15.情态动词
can,must, should后面直接用动词原形。
eg: 1. I / He / She / They can sing.
2.You should keep quiet in the library.
16.一般过去时态
学习啦在线学习网 (a) be 动词的过去式:
I/He/she/it was(not)…. You/we/they were….
一般疑问句was, were 放在句首。
(b) 动词过去式:
学习啦在线学习网 肯定句: I watched cartoons.
She visited the zoo.
一般疑问句: Did you read book last night? Yes, I did. No, I didn’t.
Did she clean the desk just now? Yes, she did. No, shedidn’t.
否定句: They didn’t go the the part yesterday.
He didn’t make model ships last week.
(3)动词过去式的变化:
学习啦在线学习网 规则动词的变化:
Most verbs +ed eg. planted,watered,climbed。
Verbs ending in e+d eg liked。
学习啦在线学习网 Verbs ending in aconsonant +y --y +ied eg : study—studied
Short verbs ending in a vowel + a consonant eg:stop --stopped
学习啦在线学习网 不规则动词的变化:
学习啦在线学习网 is/am—was,are—were,do—did,have/has—had,make—made,fly-flew,
eat—ate,take—took,run—ran,sing—sang,drink—drank 等等
17.Wh-"questions"
What are you doing?
What colour is it?
学习啦在线学习网 What time is it?/ What’s the time?
Which is your watch, the yellow one or the white one?
Who’sthe man with a big nose?
Whose bag is it?
学习啦在线学习网 When is your birthday?
Where is my ball pen?
Why do you like summer?
学习啦在线学习网 How many books are there in the school bag?
How old is the young man?
How much is the toy bear?
How do you go to school every day?
1、一般现在时
学习啦在线学习网 A、表示不受时限的客观存在如:He is a boy. She is a student.
学习啦在线学习网 My mother is anurse. This is a dog. I have a book.
B、表示现在的习惯动作,即指现在经常发生的动作,一般现在时常用来表示现在时间里某种动作的经常性和习惯性。它常与表示程度或频度的词连用,
学习啦在线学习网 如:often(经常) , usually(通常,一般) , sometimes(有时) ,
always(总是,一直) , never(从不)
如:I often go to school on foot.
学习啦在线学习网 My father works in a school.
学习啦在线学习网 Mike watches TV every day.
I usually playcomputer games on the weekend.
C、表示现时的状态和现在瞬间动作.如:How are you? You look happy. What’s the matterwith you? I have a headache. What do you have for lunch? I have some chicken.
学习啦在线学习网 ☆注意☆ 英语动词的现在时与原形同形。但当主语是第三人称单数时,须在词尾加s 或 -es。例如:I have a fish for dinner. Her mother works in a hospital. Amy often goes to school by bike. Mr. Liu teaches us English. 加-es 的动词必须是以“sh , ch , o ”等字母结尾的。如:watches , teaches ,goes , washes
2、一般将来时
表示在将来会发生的事或动作。它常与表示将来的时间连用,如:tomorrow , next week , next year ,this morning , this afternoon , this evening 等
☆注意☆ 一般将来时小学阶段主要学了两种结构:
①be going to + 动词的原形 / 地点
学习啦在线学习网 ②will + 动词的原形
学习啦在线学习网 例句: I’m going to go shopping thisafternoon. She is going to Hong Kong next week. You will see many birds in the sky.
3、现在进行时
表示说话时正在进行的动作或现阶段一直在进行的动作。
学习啦在线学习网 ☆注意☆它的构成是:be的现在时形式(am , is , are)加动词的ing形式。
如:What are you doing? I’m writing a letter. What arethey doing? They’re swimming.Is he playing chess? Yes, he is.Look, Amy is reading an English book.
☆ 注意☆ 动词的ing形式的构成规则:
☆ ① 一般的直接在后面加上ing , 如doing , going , working , singing , eating
② 以e 结尾的动词,要先去e再加ing ,如having , writing
学习啦在线学习网 ③ 双写最后一个字母的(此类动词极少)有:running , swimming, sitting , getting
4、一般过去时
主要用来表示在特定过去时间中一次完成的动作或一度存在的状态,也可表示过去的习惯动作。它与现在时间不发生关系,它表示的动作或状态都已成为过去,现已不复存在。它经常与表示过去的时间连用。如:I went to a park yesterday. I read a book last night. I watched TVyesterday evening.I went on a big trip last weekend. I failed my Chinese test.
学习啦在线学习网 ☆注意☆ 一般过去时主要体现在动词的形式要用过去式,动词的过去式的构成规则有:
学习啦在线学习网 A、规则动词① 一般直接在动词的后面加ed ;如 worked , learned , cleaned , visited② 以e结尾的动词直接加d ;如 lived, danced , used
③ 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词要改y为i再加ed (此类动词较少)如 study –studied carry – carried worry – worried (play、stay除外)④ 双写最后一个字母(此类动词较少)如 stopped
B、不规则动词(此类词并无规则,须熟记)小学阶段要记住以下动词的原形和过去式:
学习啦在线学习网 sing – sang , eat – ate , see – saw , have – had , do – did ,
go – went , take– took , get – got , read – read , am/is – was , are – were , say – said , tell – told , come – came , drink – drank