高考英语语法学习方法
高考英语语法学习方法
高考英语复习当中,对于语法的复习也不能落下。下面是学习啦小编给大家整理的高考英语语法学习方法,供大家参阅!
高中语法主谓一致精讲
学习啦在线学习网 在英语学习中,同学们会逐渐发现随着学习的不断深入,能够充当主语的成分也越来越多,除了常见的名词、代词,还有非谓语、句子等等,那么如何使这些主语和它的谓语动词保持性、数上的一致,即主谓一致就成了我们英语学习中的一个重要课题,也是历来高考题关注的热点。现总结主谓一致的几点原则如下:
(1)就近原则
①由并列结构或连词(either…or, neither…nor,not…but, not only…but also, or等)连接的并列主语,谓语动词与靠近的那个名词或代词保持一致。
Neither his parents nor Tom is at home.
汤姆和他的父母都不在家。
注:“either…or,neither…nor,or”连接的两个主语若是一单一复,最好将复数主词放在后面而接复数动词。
学习啦在线学习网 ②在倒装句和there be句型中,谓语动词与后面的第一个主语保持一致。
学习啦在线学习网 There is a book and some pens on the desk.
学习啦在线学习网 桌子上有一本书和几支钢笔。
学习啦在线学习网 There comes the bus.汽车来了。
学习啦在线学习网 ③在定语从句中,关系代词作主语,其谓语动词应与它所指代的先行词保持一致。
I know the man who is talking to my father.
我认识那个正在和我父亲谈话的人。
④在强调句中,连接代词又在句中作主语,这时它应与被强调的主语保持一致。
学习啦在线学习网 It is Mary's brother who was injured in the car accident.
学习啦在线学习网 是玛丽的哥哥在车祸中受伤了。
学习啦在线学习网 (2)意义一致原则
①当主语与谓语动词之间插入along with,with,as well as,together with, no less than,besides,except, but, including等短语时,谓语动词不受这些插入语的干扰,依然和主语保持一致。
I,along with my sister,am going to Shanghai next month.
学习啦在线学习网 我,还有我姐姐,打算下个月去上海。
②英语中有一类单、复数同型的词(people,means,sheep,deer,fish等),其单、复数取决于它在句中的含义。
All of the people in the country have been prepared for the great reformation.
这个国家的人都已经为大变革作好了准备。
学习啦在线学习网 ③多数情况下,由“what”引导的名词性从句作主语时,其后的谓语动词通常用单数形式。
学习啦在线学习网 What I want to say is just “Take care!”我只想说:“多保重!”
④当主语与all, none, any,some等不定代词、形容词连用时,应根据具体句意,来决定其后的谓语动词的单复数。
All I know about this company is what he told me yesterday.
学习啦在线学习网 我对这家公司的了解都是昨天他告诉我的。
⑤“…+ (of)+名词”结构描述数量时,如果“of”后的名词为单数(不可数名词),则谓语动词用单数,如果名词为复数,则谓语动词用复数。
Most of the water here is clean.大部分的水是干净的。
80% cotton has been sent to America.80%的棉花已经被送往美国。
学习啦在线学习网 Half of the apples are red.有一半儿的苹果是红的。
学习啦在线学习网 ⑥词组“a number of, a great/good many, a group of+可数名词复数”的结构作主语时,谓语动词应用复数;如果冠词a变为the,则谓语动词用单数。
A number of ancient buildings are destroyed in the war.
学习啦在线学习网 许多的古代建筑在战争中被毁。
The number of the visitors has decreased this year.
学习啦在线学习网 游客的数量今年减少了。
⑦英语的集体名词(committee,crowd,family,public,group,party,team,class,club,company,
union等词),指代“整体”时为单数;指代“其中的各成员”则为复数。
My family was very poor when I was a little girl.
当我还是一个小女孩儿的时候,我家很穷。
My family are all looking forward to your coming.
学习啦在线学习网 我的家人都在期待着你的到来。
(3)整体原则
①从句、不定式、动名词等作主语时谓语动词一律视作一个整体,谓语动词用单数。
学习啦在线学习网 When to leave has not been decided.
学习啦在线学习网 什么时候离开还没有定下来。
Go shopping on Sunday is one of his habits.
周日购物是他的一个习惯。
注:如果主语是两个(或两个以上)的名词性从句,谓语动词常用复数。
学习啦在线学习网 What he said and what he did were always different.
他所说的和他所做的总是不一样。
学习啦在线学习网 ②如果两个以上的名词组成一个整体概念作主语时,谓语动词须用单数。
学习啦在线学习网 The novelist and poet is going to Europe next year.
这位小说家兼诗人打算明年去欧洲。
The novelist and the poet are going to Europe next year.
小说家和诗人都打算明年去欧洲。
分析:(a)句中小说家和诗人the novelist and poet为同一个人,故谓语动词用单数;而(b)句中有两个人,一个是小说家the novelist,另一个是诗人the poet。
③专用名词,如:书名、剧名、报刊名、国家(组织)名等,通常作单数用。
The United States was found in 1776.美国成立于1776年。
④表示时间、距离、金额、度量等词语作主语时,通常被视作整体,谓语动词用单数。
Ten minutes is enough.十分钟足够了。
⑤加减乘除等数学运算谓语动词通常用单数。
Two times three makes six.二乘三等于六。
(4)个体原则
学习啦在线学习网 ①and连接的两个或多个主语前如果有each,every,no等修饰语时(后面的一个有时也可省略),后面的谓语动词用单数形式。
Every man and every woman is busy at working.每个人都在忙着工作。
②英语句中的each, either, neither等词,既可作代词充当主语,又可作形容词修饰主语,这时的谓语动词一律用单数。
Neither of us has been abroad.我们谁都没出过国。
③由some,any every,no构成的复合词(somebody,nobody,everything,anything等)作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
学习啦在线学习网 Somebody is waiting for you at the school gate.有人在学校门口等你。
④many a/more than one+单数名词,一般接单数谓语动词。
学习啦在线学习网 Many a man does not understand Einstein's relativity.
许多人不明白爱因斯坦的相对论。
⑤“one and a half+复数名词”作主语,谓语动词一般用单数。
学习啦在线学习网 One and a half hours has passed.一个半小时过去了。
学习啦在线学习网 ⑥成双成对出现的复数名词(glasses, scissors, shoes, trousers,pants,gloves,stockings等)作主语时,通常谓语动词用复数,但如果前面有a/the pair of;a/the suit of等词语时,则谓语动词要用单数。
A pair of scissors is useful tool for a dressmaker.剪刀是裁缝的重要工具。
⑦以“-s”结尾的“复数”名词(如:一些学科名词mathematics, physics, politics等),或以“-s”结尾的地点名词、人名等词后面的谓语动词通常用单数。
学习啦在线学习网 Mathematics is my favorite subject.数学是我最喜欢的科目。
高中情态动词专项总复习
学习啦在线学习网 一、can (could)
1、can表示能力,用在过去时中,could表示过去所具有的一般的能力;经常表示能够做某事,事实上不一定去做,而was / were able to则表示“过去做成了某事”(=managed to do, succeeded in doing)。在否定句中两者可通用。例如:
① Two eyes can see more than one. 两只眼比一只眼看得清。
② Could the girl read before she went to school? 这女孩上学前能识字吗?
③Mary can play the piano. She has been able to play it since she was 5. 玛丽会弹钢琴。她五岁起就会弹了。
④He could swim across the English Channel. But he didn't feel like it that day. 他能游过英吉利海峡,但那天他不想游。
⑤Yesterday I was able to get home before the heavy rain. 昨天我在下大雨前赶到了家里。
学习啦在线学习网 ⑥He tried many times, then at last, with the help of his math teacher, he was able to work out the difficult problem.
学习啦在线学习网 2、表示可能(理论上或是逻辑判断上),可用于肯定句,否定句和疑问句。can在肯定句中表“可能性”时是表示“理论(道理)上的可能性,普遍、一般情况下可能”,而不是表示具体某事发生的可能性;表示这样的意思时要用could,may或might。can't (couldn't)表示“不可能”,与must意义相反。
①Accidents can happen.意外情况是可能发生的。?
②Scotland can be very warm in September.九月的苏格兰可以非常暖和。?
学习啦在线学习网 ③Will you answer the phone? It could (may /might) be your mother. 你去接电话好吗?可能是你妈妈打来的。(不能说It can be)
学习啦在线学习网 ④He can't (couldn't) have enough money for a new car. 他不可能有足够的钱买新车。
⑤You mustn't smoke while you're walking around in the wood. You could start a fire. 在林子里走时勿吸烟,那样可能会引起火灾。
学习啦在线学习网 ⑥When many people surf on the Internet, the speed can (could) be very slow.
学习啦在线学习网 ⑦During rush hours, streets can (could) be vey crowded.
●can (could) have done表示对过去发生事情的推测,can have done只能用于疑问句和否定句中(“可能已经……了吗” “不可能已经”),肯定句中用“could have done”。?
①Where can (could) he have gone?他会上哪儿去了呢?
②He can't (couldn't) have gone to school-it's Saturday.他不可能是去上学了,今天是星期六?
③He could have gone off with some friends.他可能是和几位朋友出去了。(不说can have gone…)?
学习啦在线学习网 3、“could+完成式”还可用来表示虚拟(不用can)(也可表推测),“过去本能做而未做”以及用来责备某人在过去本可以做某事但未做。如:?
学习啦在线学习网 ①You were stupid to go skiing there you could have broken your leg. 你到那个地方去滑雪真傻,你可能会摔断腿的。?
②You could have told me the boss was angry.你本该告诉我老板生气了。
学习啦在线学习网 4、表示给予许可、允许或征求意见(=may)。
学习啦在线学习网 ① Can I have a look at your new pen? 我可以看一看你的新钢笔吗?
学习啦在线学习网 ② He asked whether he could take the book out of the reading—room. 他问他可不可以把书带出阅览室。
学习啦在线学习网 ③You can take this book home to read more carefully.你可以把书拿回家更详细地阅读。
学习啦在线学习网 5、表惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度。主要用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中。
学习啦在线学习网 ① Where can (could) they have gone to? 他们会去哪儿了呢?
学习啦在线学习网 ② How can you be so careless? 你怎么这么粗心?
6、比较委婉客气地提出问题或陈述看法。
学习啦在线学习网 ① Can (Could) you lend me a hand? 帮我一把好吗?。
② I'm afraid we couldn't give you an answer today. 恐怕我们今天不能给你答复。
高考英语语法精要数词讲解
学习啦在线学习网 1、数词在使用时应注意的问题
易错数词:
年月日及介词
计算用词
和数字相关的词
2、综合
1) 数字表达:
123,856,709
学习啦在线学习网 one hundred and twenty-three million, eight hundred and fifty-six thousand, seven hundred and nine
2) 年月日
in the morning; on the morning of September 1;
学习啦在线学习网 in September; in 1988; on September 1 (on the first of September)
3、计算
学习啦在线学习网 + Six and five is (are) eleven.
Six hundred plus forty is (equals) six hundred and forty.
学习啦在线学习网 - Four from seven is (leaves) three.
Six hundred minus one hundred equals five hundred.
X 16 x 11 = 176
Sixteen times eleven is (makes) one hundred and seventy-six.
÷ 9 ÷ 3 = 3
Nine divided by three equals three.
学习啦在线学习网 4、dozen, score
A. three dozen eggs; three dozen of these eggs; dozens of eggs
学习啦在线学习网 B. three score years; a (three) score of people; scores of times
5、小数,分数,百分比引导的短语作主语时的主谓一致问题.
分数和百分数引导的短语作主语,其谓语动词的数应根据分数和百分数后面的名词来确定.如果是可数名词的复数,其谓语动词用复数形式;如果是不可数名词或单数可数名词其谓语动词用单数形式.
More than 40 percent of the students wear glasses.
70 percent od the fund(资金) was supplied by the Government.
6、“一个半...”的表达法.
one pound and a half ,one and a half years