初一英语美文背诵
初一英语美文背诵
学习啦在线学习网 英语美文诵读有利于培养学生的英语语感,提高学生表达的准确性,丰富学生的英语口头表达内容,发展学生的英语听、说、写能力。学习啦小编整理了初一英语美文，欢迎阅读!
初一英语美文篇一
The Alaska Pipeline
The Alaska pipeline starts at the frozen edge of the Arctic ocean. It stretches southwardacross the largest and northernmost state in the United States,ending at a remote ice freeseaport village nearly 800 miles from where it begins. It is massive in size and extremelycomplicated to operate.The steel pipe crosses windswept plains and endless miles of delicatetundra that tops the frozen ground. It weaves through crooked canyons, climbs sheermountains, plunges over rocky crags, makes its way through thick forests, and passes over orunder hundreds of rivers and streams. The pipe is 4 feet in diameter, and up to 2 millionbarrels (or 84 million gallons) of crude oil can be pumped through it daily. Resting on H shapedsteel racks called "bents", long sections of the pipeline follow a zigzag course high above thefrozen earth. Other long sections drop out of sight beneath spongy or rocky ground andreturn to the surface later on.
The pattern of the pipeline's up and down route is determined by the often harsh demandsof the Arctic and subarctic climate, the tortuous lay of the land, and the varied compositionsof soil, rock, or permafrost(permanently frozen ground). A little more than half of the pipelineis elevated above the ground. The remainder is buried anywhere from 3 to 12 feet, dependinglargely upon the type of terrain and the properties of the soil. One of the largest in the world,the pipeline cost approximately billion and is by far the biggest and most expensiveconstruction project ever undertaken by private industry. In fact, no single business couldraise that much money, so 8 major oil companies formed a consortium in order to share thecosts. Each company controlled oil rights to particular shares of land in the oil fields and paidinto the pipeline construction fund according to the size of its holdings. Today, despiteenormous problems of climate, supply shortages, equipment breakdowns, labordisagreements, treacherous terrain, a certain amount of mismanagement, and even theft,the Alaska pipeline has been completed and is operating.
阿拉斯加输油管
阿拉斯加输油管道以北冰洋的冻冰边缘为起点，向南延伸穿过美国的最北又是最大的州，在离起点 800 英里以外的一个偏僻的不冻海港中止。 它跨幅巨大，而且运作极端复杂。 这个钢质管道穿过强风不断的草原和无边无尽的覆盖于冻土之上的苔原。
它盘垣于弯曲的峡谷之间，攀上陡峭的山峰，从岩石遍布的峭壁俯冲下来，穿越浓密的森林，从上或从下经过成百上千 条的河流与溪水。 管道的直径有四英尺，每天能运送高达 200 百万桶(合 8400 万加仑)的原油。 枕在H 型的铁架上，管道长长的一部分在冰冻地面的上空走着"之"字形。 其它部分消失在松软或坚硬的地面下然后又回到地面上。 管道这种或上或下的路线决定于严酷的极带和副极带气候、复杂的地形和构造各异的土壤、岩石、永久冻土。
学习啦在线学习网 一大半管道悬在地面上空，其余部分则埋入3 至 12 英尺的地下。 深浅大部分由地形状况和土壤特征而定。 作为世上最大的管道之一，它花费了将近 80 亿美元，至今仍是私有产业进行的最浩大最昂贵的建筑工程。 实际上，单个公司不可能拿出这么多的资金。 为了分担成本，八大石油公司组成了一个大财团。 每个公司都控制着油田中一定土地上的开采权，并由股份的比例把资金投入到管道建设中。 尽管有气候严寒、供应不足、设备损坏、劳工纠纷、地形复杂等巨大困难，并有一些管理上的不善甚至被盗现象，阿拉斯加管道现已峻工并正在运行。
初一英语美文篇二
Suburbanization
If by "suburb" is meant an urban margin that grows more rapidly than its already developedinterior, the process of suburbanization began during the emergence of the industrial city inthe second quarter of the nineteenth century. Before that period the city was a small highlycompact cluster in which people moved about on foot and goods were conveyed by horse andcart. But the early factories built in the 1830's and 1840's were located along waterways andnear railheads at the edges of cities, and housing was needed for the thousands of peopledrawn by the prospect of employment. In time, the factories were surrounded by proliferatingmill towns of apartments and row houses that abutted the older, main cities. As a defenseagainst this encroachment and to enlarge their tax bases, the cities appropriated theirindustrial neighbors. In 1854, for example, the city of Philadelphia annexed most of PhiladelphiaCounty. Similar municipal maneuvers took place in Chicago and in New York. Indeed, most greatcities of the United States achieved such status only by incorporating the communities alongtheir borders.
学习啦在线学习网 With the acceleration of industrial growth came acute urban crowding and accompanyingsocial stress -- conditions that began to approach disastrous proportions when, in 1888, thefirst commercially successful electric traction line was developed. Within a few years the horse-drawn trolleys were retired and electric streetcar networks crisscrossed and connected everymajor urban area, fostering a wave of suburbanization that transformed the compactindustrial city into a dispersed metropolis.This first phase of mass-scale suburbanization wasreinforced by the simultaneous emergence of the urban Middle Class, whose desires forhomeownership in neighborhoods far from the aging inner city were satisfied by the developersof single-family housing tracts.
郊区的发展
学习啦在线学习网 如果"郊区"指的是比已建好的城市内部发展更为迅速的城市边缘地带，那么郊区化可以说始于 1825 年至 1850 年工业化城市出现期间。 在这之前，城市只是高度密集的小聚居群。 在其中，人们步行走动，商品靠马车来运送。 但是建于 18 世纪三四十年代的早期工厂位于城边的航道和铁路附近，被工作机会吸引到这里的成千上万的人们需要住房。 渐渐地，在与旧有的主要城区相毗邻的地方，不断涌现出由排房和公寓楼组成的工人聚居区，包围了工厂。作为对这种侵蚀的自卫，也为了扩大它们收税的地域范围，城市吞并了工业化的临近地带，比如1854 年费城的城区就兼并了费县的绝大部分地区。 相似的城市化也发生在芝加哥和纽约。 今天很多美国的大城市其实就是靠吞并它们附近的边缘地区而变成大都会的。随着工业化的加速发展，城市里出现了严重拥挤和相伴而来的社会压力。 当1888 年第一条商业上成功的电气化铁轨被制造出来时，压力开始接近危机的程度。 几年之内，马车就被废弃了，电车网相互交织连接着各个重要的城区，从而形成了一种郊区化的潮流，即密集的工业城市转变成了分散的都市。 此时城市中产阶级的出现进一步加强了第一波大规模郊区化。 这些中产阶级希望在远离老旧城市的地区拥有住宅，单一家庭住宅地区的开发者满足了他们的愿望。
初一英语美文篇三
Sleep
Sleep is part of a person's daily activity cycle. There are several different stages of sleep, andthey too occur in cycles. If you are an average sleeper, your sleep cycle is as follows. When youfirst drift off into slumber, your eyes will roll about a bit, your temperature will drop slightly,your muscles will relax, and your breathing well slow and become quite regular. Your brainwaves slow down a bit too, with the alpha rhythm of rather fast waves predominating for thefirst few minutes. This is called stage 1 sleep. For the next half hour or so, as you relax moreand more, you will drift down through stage 2 and stage 3 sleep. The lower your stage ofsleep, the slower your brain waves will be. Then about 40 to 60 minutes after you loseconsciousness you will have reached the deepest sleep of all. Your brain waves will show thelarge slow waves that are known as the delta rhythm. This is stage 4 sleep.
学习啦在线学习网 You do not remain at this deep fourth stage all night long, but instead about 80 minutes afteryou fall into slumber, your brain activity level will increase again slightly. The delta rhythm willdisappear, to be replaced by the activity pattern of brain waves. Your eyes will begin to dartaround under your closed eyelids as if you were looking at something occurring in front of you.This period of rapid eye movement lasts for some 8 to 15 minutes and is called REM sleep. Itis during REM sleep period, your body will soon relax again, your breathing will grow slow andregular once more, and you will slip gently back from stage 1 to stage 4 sleep - only to riseonce again to the surface of near consciousness some 80 minutes later.
睡眠
学习啦在线学习网 睡眠是人每天日常活动循环的一部分。 人的睡眠分几个阶段，而这些阶段也是循环发生的。 如果你是一个正常的睡眠者，你的睡眠循环会这样进行。 在你开始昏昏入睡时，你的眼睛会滚动几下，体温略有下降，肌肉放松，呼吸变得缓慢而有节奏。 除了开始几分钟比较快的α节奏外，脑电波也稍有减缓。 这被称为第一阶段睡眠。 在随后约半小时内，你进一步放松，进入第二和第三阶段睡眠。 睡眠越深入，脑电波就越缓慢。 大约在开始睡眠后的40 到60 分钟，你将进入沉睡状态。 这时的脑电波表现为巨大的缓波，被称为δ节奏。这就是第四阶段睡眠。 但你并不是整夜都保持这种沉睡状态。
入睡后约 80 分钟左右，你的大脑运动水平会再度略有提高。 δ节奏消失，并被脑电波的运动图形取代。你的眼睛会在闭着的眼睑下迅速转动，就好象你在看着眼前发生的什么事情。 这种迅速的眼球运动持续约 8～15 分钟，这一阶段睡眠被称之为快速眼动(REM)睡眠。 在REM 睡眠阶段，你的肢体会很快再度放松，呼吸也再次放慢并变得有节奏，你会轻松地从第一阶段滑入第四阶段睡眠-直到大约 80 分钟后重新接近清醒状态。
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