关于英语基本句子结构分析
社会生活的信息化和经济活动的全球化使外语,特别是英语,已经成为我国对外开放和与国际交往的重要工具。学习啦小编整理了关于英语基本句子结构，欢迎阅读!
关于英语基本句子结构一
1. 主语(subject)：句子说明的人或事物。
学习啦在线学习网 The sun rises in the east (名词) He likes dancing. (代词)
学习啦在线学习网 Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) Seeing is believing. (动名词)
To see is to believe.(不定式) What he needs is a book.(主语从句)
学习啦在线学习网 It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.
(It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语)
(一)指出下列句中主语的中心词
① The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.
② There is an old man coming here.
学习啦在线学习网 ③ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.
学习啦在线学习网 ④ To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.
2. 谓语(predicate)：是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的行为或状态，常用动词或者动词词组担任，放在主语的后面。
学习啦在线学习网 We study English. He is asleep.
(二). 选出句中谓语的中心词
学习啦在线学习网 ① I don't like the picture on the wall. A. don't B. like C. picture D. wall
② The days get longer and longer when summer comes. A. get B. longer C. days D. summer
③ Do you usually go to school by bus? A. Do B. usually C. go D. bus
学习啦在线学习网 ④ There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.
A. will be B. meeting C. the library D. afternoon
学习啦在线学习网 ⑤ Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast? A. Did B. twins C. have D. breakfast
3. 表语(predicative)：系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。
He is a teacher. (名词) Seventy-four! You don’t look it. (代词)
学习啦在线学习网 Five and five is ten. (数词) He is asleep. (形容词)
His father is in.(副词) The picture is on the wall. (介词短语)
My watch is gone / missing / lost. (形容词化的分词)
学习啦在线学习网 The question is whether they will come. (表语从句)
(常见的系动词有: be, sound(听起来), look(看起来), feel(摸起来，smell(闻起来), taste(尝、吃起来), remain(保持，仍是), feel(感觉)……
学习啦在线学习网 It sounds a good idea. The sound sounds strange.
Her voice sounds sweet. Tom looks thin.
The food smells delicious. The food tastes good.
The door remains open. Now I feel tired.
(三) 挑出下列句中的表语
学习啦在线学习网 ① The old man was feeling very tired. ② Why is he worried about Jim?
学习啦在线学习网 ③ The leaves have turned yellow. ④ Soon They all became interested in the subject.
学习啦在线学习网 ⑤ She was the first to learn about it.
4. 宾语：1)动宾表示行为的对象，常由名词或者代词担任。放在及物动词或者介词之后。如：
I like China. (名词) He hates you. (代词)
学习啦在线学习网 How many do you need? We need two. (数词)I enjoy working with you. (动名词)
I hope to see you again. (不定式) Did you write down what he said? (宾语从句)
2) 介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾
Are you afraid of the snake? Under the snow, there are many rocks.
3) 双宾语-----间宾(指人)和直宾(指物)
He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money.
学习啦在线学习网 (四) 挑出下列句中的宾语
① My brother hasn't done his homework.
② People all over the world speak English.
③ You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.
④ How many new words did you learn last class?
学习啦在线学习网 ⑤ Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you?
5. 宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。
We elected him monitor. (名词) We all think it a pity that she didn’t come here. (名词)
We will make them happy. (形容词) We found nobody in. ( 副词 )
Please make yourself at home. (介词短语) Don’t let him do that. (省to不定式)
学习啦在线学习网 His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. (带to不定式)
Don’t keep the lights burning. (现在分词) I’ll have my bike repaired. (过去分词)
(五) 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语
① She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.
学习啦在线学习网 ② He asked her to take the boy out of school.
③ She found it difficult to do the work.
④ They call me Lily sometimes.
⑤ I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus.
学习啦在线学习网 ⑥ Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now?
6. 定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。
Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher.(名词) He is our friend. (代词)
学习啦在线学习网 We belong to the third world.(数词) He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.(形容词)
The man over there is my old friend.(副词)
学习啦在线学习网 The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. (介词)
The boys playing football are in Class 2. (现在分词)
The trees planted last year are growing well now. (过去分词)
I have an idea to do it well.(不定式) You should do everything that I do. (定语从句)
(六) 挑出下列句中的定语
学习啦在线学习网 ① They use Mr., Mrs. with the family name.
② What is your given name?
学习啦在线学习网 ③ On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3.
学习啦在线学习网 ④ I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.
⑤ The man downstairs was trying to sleep.
7. 状语：用来修饰v., adj., adv., or 句子。表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。(以下例句按上述顺序排列)
学习啦在线学习网 I will go there tomorrow. The meeting will be held in the meeting room.
The meat went bad because of the hot weather. He studies hard to learn English well.
He didn’t study hard so that he failed in the exam. I like some of you very much.
If you study hard, you will pass the exam. He goes to school by bike.
Though he is young, he can do it well.
学习啦在线学习网 (七) 挑出下列句中的状语
学习啦在线学习网 ① There was a big smile on her face.
学习啦在线学习网 ② Every night he heard the noise upstairs.
③ He began to learn English when he was eleven.
④ The man on the motorbike was travelling too fast.
⑤ With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off.
(八) 划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语
① Please tell us a story.
② My father bought a new bike for me last week.
学习啦在线学习网 ③ Mr. Li is going to teach us history next term.
④ Here is a pen. Give it to Tom.
⑤ Did he leave any message for me?
参 考 答 案
学习啦在线学习网 (一) ① teacher ② man ③ dictionary ④ To do
(二) ① B ② A ③ C ④ A ⑤ C
学习啦在线学习网 (三) ① tired ② worried ③ yellow ④ interested ⑤ first
学习啦在线学习网 (四) ① his homework ② English ③ your pronunciation ④ new words ⑤ to go swimming
(五) ① to read newspapers and books in the reading-room ② to take the boy out of school
学习啦在线学习网 ③ Lily ④ get on the bus ⑤ playing football on the playground
(六) ① family ② given ③ third ④ some ⑤ downstairs
(七) ① on the face ② Every night ③ when he was eleven ④ fast ⑤ off
学习啦在线学习网 (八) ① us, 间接宾语 a story, 直接宾语 ② me, 间接宾语 a new bike, 直接宾语
③ us, 间接宾语 history, 直接宾语 ④ Tom, 间接宾语 it, 直接宾语
学习啦在线学习网 ⑤ me, 间接宾语 message, 直接宾语
关于英语基本句子结构二
学习啦在线学习网 英语简单句的五种句型结构
一、主语+不及物动词(S+V)
[例句]1. The man cooks. 男人做饭。
学习啦在线学习网 2. The sun is shining brightly. 太阳在明亮地照耀着。
学习啦在线学习网 3. We all breathe, eat, and drink. 我们呼吸、吃和喝。
4. They talked for half an hour. 他们谈了半个小时。
学习啦在线学习网 5. They were singing when we arrived. 我们到的时候他们正在唱歌。
[分析]这些句子有一个共同的特点：谓语动词都能表达完整的意思，不需加宾语。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。
学习啦在线学习网 二、主语+及物动词+宾语(S+V+DO)
学习啦在线学习网 [例句]1. Who knows the answer?谁知道答案?
学习啦在线学习网 2. He enjoys reading. 他喜欢看书。
3. They ate what was left over. 他们吃了剩饭。
学习啦在线学习网 4. He said “Good morning.” 他说：“早上好!”
5. I want to have a cup of tea. 我想喝杯茶。
学习啦在线学习网 [分析]这些句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。
学习啦在线学习网 三、主语+系动词+表语(S+V+P)
[例句]1. This is an English-Chinese dictionary. 这是本英汉辞典。
2. The cake smells good. 蛋糕味道很好。
3. Everything looks different. 一切看来都不同了。
4. He is growing tall and strong. 他长得又高又壮。
学习啦在线学习网 5. The trouble is that they are short of money. 麻烦的是他们缺少钱。
6. Our well has gone dry. 我们的井干枯了。
7. His face turned red. 他的脸红了。
[分析]这些句子有一个共同的特点：谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类：be, look, keep, seem等属一类，表示情况;get, grow, become, turn等属另一类，表示变化。be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义。
四、主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语(S+V+IO+DO)
[例句]1. He brought you a dictionary. 他给你带来了一本字典。
学习啦在线学习网 2. She cooked her husband a delicious meal. 她给丈夫做了一顿美餐。
学习啦在线学习网 3. I showed him my pictures.我给他看我的照片。
学习啦在线学习网 4. I gave my car a wash.我洗了我的汽车。
5. I told him that the bus was late. 我告诉他汽车晚点了。
学习啦在线学习网 6. He showed me how to run the machine.他教我开机器。
[分析]这些句子有一个共同的特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思，故这类动词被称作双宾语动词。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。一般来说指人的宾语叫间接宾语，指物的宾语叫直接宾语。通常情况下间接宾语在前，直接宾语在后;有时也可把间接宾语置于直接宾语后，此时间接宾语前需加介词for或to。间接宾语后置与for连用的动词有buy, make, cook, get, choose, sing, find等。例如：
学习啦在线学习网 Uncle Li bought me a birthday present.
= Uncle Li bought a birthday present for me. 李叔叔给我买了一件生日礼物。
学习啦在线学习网 间接宾语后置与to连用的动词有give, lend, teach, take, return, send, pass等。例如：
学习啦在线学习网 Please pass him a cup of tea.= Please pass a cup of tea to him.请递给他一杯茶。
注意：若直接宾语是人称代词，通常情况下将其置于间接宾语之前。例如：
误：Please give me them. 正：Please give them to me.
五、主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语(S+V+DO+OC)
学习啦在线学习网 [例句]1. They called him James .他们叫他詹姆斯。
2.We will keep the table clean .我们将保持桌面干净。
3. They painted the door green. 他们把门漆成绿色。
4. What makes him think so?他怎么会这样想?
5. We saw him out. 我们送他出去。
6. He asked me to come back soon. 他要我早点回来。
7. I saw them getting on the bus. 我看见他们上了那辆公共汽车。
学习啦在线学习网 [分析]这些句子的共同特点是：谓语动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。宾语补足语的作用是说明宾语的动作或状态。宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。宾语补足语可以由名词、动词不定式、形容词、副词和介词短语等充当。注意：在使役动词make, let, have等引起的复合宾语中，若宾语补足语是动词不定式，则要省去不定式符号to。例如：
He made us laugh. 他使我们发笑。
学习啦在线学习网 I won’t let you go. 我不会让你走。
I have them come tomorrow morning. 我让他们明天早上来。
关于英语基本句子结构三
学习啦在线学习网 1.主语：是句子要说明的人或事物，是句子的主体，一般由名词、代词、数词、不定式或动名词等充当。如：
学习啦在线学习网 The car is running fast.(名词)
We are students.(代词)
学习啦在线学习网 One of my classmates is from Shanghai.(数词)
It's bad manners to spit in public.(不定式)
学习啦在线学习网 Eating too much is bad for your health.(动名词)
学习啦在线学习网 【注意】若不定式短语作主语常用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语(不定式短语)放在句后。
学习啦在线学习网 2.谓语：说明主语的动作或状态，也是句子的主体部分，一般由动词充当。动词分为实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词。实义动词单独作谓语，连系动词与表语一起构成谓语，情态动词与省略to的不定式构成合成谓语，助动词与动词原形共同构成谓语部分。如：
学习啦在线学习网 He works in a factory.(实义动词)
I felt cold.(系动词+表语)
How can I get to the station?(情态动词+实义动词)
Do you speak English?(助动词+实义动词)
They are working in a field.(助动词+实义动词)
学习啦在线学习网 【注意】谓语与主语在人称与数方面要相互照应。
学习啦在线学习网 3.宾语：是及物动词所涉及的对象，一般由名词、代词、不定式及动名词等充当。如：
He is doing his homework.(名词)
They did nothing this morning.(代词)
She wants to go home.(不定式)
We enjoy playing football.(动名词)
【注意】①有的动词可接双宾语，间接宾语指人，直接宾语指物。这类动词常见的有：give，buy，lend，pass， tell，leave等。如：
学习啦在线学习网 He bought me a book.
Pass me the ball，will you?(间宾+直宾)
直接宾语一般放在间接宾语之后，但若把直接宾语放在前面，则要在间接宾语前加适当的介词如to或 for等。如：
学习啦在线学习网 Han Chen lent some money to Li Hai.(直宾+间宾)
学习啦在线学习网 Xiao Liu bought a dictionary for Tom.(直宾+间宾)
②有的动词常用不定式作宾语，而不能用动名词。这类动词有：want，wish， hope，promise，decide，agree， choose，care等。如：
I hope to see you again.
③有的动词一般只用动名词作宾语，而不用不定式。这类动词有：enjoy，finish，mind，practise，miss， suggest，keep(on)等。如：
Do you mind my opening the window?
④有的动词后接不定式与动名词含义不同。
a)forget to do表示“未发生的动作”，forget doing表示“已完成的动作”。如：
学习啦在线学习网 Don't forget to come here earlier tomorrow.(还没来)
学习啦在线学习网 I forgot returning the book to him.(书已还给他了)
学习啦在线学习网 b)stop to do(不定式为状语)表示“停下
原来的事，去做另一件事”，stop doing表示“停止做某事”。如：
学习啦在线学习网 I stopped to talk with him.(我停下来与他谈话。)
学习啦在线学习网 The students stopped talking when the teacher came in.(老师进来时学生们停止谈话。)
学习啦在线学习网 4.定语：用于修饰名词或代词，一般由形容词、名词、数词、不定式等充当。如：
学习啦在线学习网 What a beautiful kite it is!(形容词)
学习啦在线学习网 She is a chemistry teacher.(名词)
学习啦在线学习网 There are two students in the classroom.(数词)
We have something to do tomorrow.(不定式)
学习啦在线学习网 The man in blue is my brother.(介词短语)
学习啦在线学习网 【注意】定语一般位于被修饰词之前，但若修饰不定代词或不定式等短语作定语，则放在后面。
学习啦在线学习网 5.状语：用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，一般由副词、介词短语、不定式短语或从句充当。单个副词作状语一般放在被修饰词之前，短语或从句放在句首或句末。如：
学习啦在线学习网 Thank you very much.(副词)
I get up at five in the morning.(介词短语)
He is studying hard so as to catch up with others.(不定式短语)
We were having breakfast when the telephone rang.(从句)
【注意】enough作状语只能放在被修饰词之后。如：
He is old enough to go to school.
学习啦在线学习网 6.表语：用于说明主语的身份、特征或感受，一般由名词、数词、形容词、分词等充当。常用的连系动词有：be，look，get，sound(听起来)，feel，become， smell，turn，taste(尝起来)等。如：
They are workers.(名词)
Two and three is five.(数词)
学习啦在线学习网 The story is very interesting.(形容词)
学习啦在线学习网 M y job(工作)is teaching English.(动名词)
She is at home.(介词短语)
学习啦在线学习网 I feel terrible.(形容词)
学习啦在线学习网 The dish tastes delicious.(形容词)
7.宾语补足语：用于补充说明宾语的动作，一般位于宾语之后，宾语与宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。需接复合宾语的动词有：tell，let，help，teach， ask，see，have，order，make等。“宾补”一般由不定式短语、分词、名词、形容词等充当。如：
We elected him monitor.(名词)
I found it difficult to learn English well.(形容词)
The doctor told me to do more exercise.(不定式短语)
学习啦在线学习网 He is going to have his hair cut.(过去分词)
They saw a bird flying in the sky.(现在分词)
学习啦在线学习网
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