有关于狗狗的英文文章
有关于狗狗的英文文章
学习啦在线学习网 狗狗喜欢群居,害怕形单影只,单独留在家中,会令到它紧张恐慌。下面是学习啦小编带来的一篇关于狗狗的英文文章，欢迎阅读!
一篇关于狗狗的英文文章篇一
写给忠诚的狗狗们
The best friend a man has in the world may turn against him and become his enemy. His son or daughter that he has reared with loving care may prove ungrateful. Those who are nearest and dearest to us, those whom we trust with our happiness and our good name may become traitors to their faith.
一个人在世上最好的朋友会和他反目，成为他的敌人。他悉心养育的儿女会不忠不孝。那些和我们最亲近的人，那些我们以幸福和美名信赖的人会背信弃义。
学习啦在线学习网 The money that a man has, he may lose. It flies away from him, perhaps when he needs it most. A man's reputation may be sacrificed in a moment of ill-considered action. The people who are prone to fall on their knees to do us honor when success is with us, may be the first to throw the stone of malice when failure settles its cloud upon our heads.
一个人拥有的金钱会失去，也许就在他最需要的时候。一个人的名誉会因瞬间的不当之举而丧失贻尽。那些当我们功成名就时跪拜向我们致敬的人也许是第一个在失败的阴云笼罩我们时对我们投石下井。
The one absolutely unselfish friend that man can have in this selfish world, the one that never deserts him, the one that never proves ungrateful or treacherous is his dog. A man's dog stands by him in prosperity and in poverty, in health and in sickness. He will sleep on the cold ground, where the wintry winds blow and the snow drives fiercely, if only he may be near his master's side. He will kiss the hand that has no food to offer.
在这个自私的世界里，一个人能有的最无私的，从不抛弃他，从不知恩不报，从不背信弃义的朋友是他的狗。无论富有或贫穷，无论健康或是患病，一个人的狗总佇立在主人身旁。如果能和主人在一起，它愿意睡在冰冷的地上，任凭寒风凛冽，朔雪飘零。它愿意亲吻没有食物奉送的手。
He will lick the wounds and sores that come in encounters with the roughness of the world. He guards the sleep of his pauper master as if he were a prince. When all other friends desert, he remains. When riches take wings, and reputation falls to pieces, he is as constant in his love as the sun in its journey through the heavens. If fortune drives the master forth, an outcast in the world, friendless and homeless, the faithful dog asks no higher privilege than that of accompanying him, to guard him against danger, to fight against his enemies.
学习啦在线学习网 它愿意舔抚艰难人世带来的创痕。它守卫着穷主人安睡如同守卫王子。当所有的朋友离去，它留驻。当财富不翼而飞，当名誉毁之贻尽，它仍然热爱着主人，如日当空，亘古不变。如果在命运驱使下，主人被世人抛弃，众叛亲离，无家可归，忠诚的狗仅仅要求能陪伴主人，守卫他免遭危险，去和他的敌人搏斗。
学习啦在线学习网 And when the last scene of all comes, and death takes his master in its embrace and his body is laid away in the cold ground, no matter if all other friends pursue their way, there by the graveside will the noble dog be found, his head between his paws, his eyes sad, but open in alert watchfulness, faithful and true even in death.
学习啦在线学习网 当最后的时刻来临，死神拥抱着主人，他的驱体掩埋在冰冷的黄土之下，任凭所有的朋友风流云散，就在墓地旁，你可以看见那高尚的狗，它的头伏在两爪之间，双眼神情悲伤，却警觉注视着，忠诚至死。
一篇关于狗狗的英文文章篇二
好狗仔也会羡慕嫉妒恨
The answer, according to Christine Harris, a psychologist at the University of California, San Diego, is that if you are petting another dog, Roscoe is going to show something that Dr. Harris thinks is a form of jealousy, even if not as complex and twisted as the adult human form.
学习啦在线学习网 加州大学圣迭戈分校(University of California, San Diego)的心理学家克里斯蒂娜·哈里斯(Christine Harris)表示，答案是，如果你抚摸另一只狗，罗斯科会有某种表现。哈里斯博士认为，这种表现是嫉妒的一种形式，尽管这种形式不像成年人类的嫉妒形式那么复杂、扭曲。
Other scientists agree there is something going on, but not all are convinced it is jealousy. And Roscoe and the rest of his tribe were, without exception, unavailable for comment.
学习啦在线学习网 其他一些科学家也认同这种情形下会出现某种情况，但并不都相信那是嫉妒。而罗斯科和他的同类，无一例外均不便发表评论。
学习啦在线学习网 Dr. Harris had been studying human jealousy for years when she took this question on, inspired partly by the antics of her parents’ Border collies. When she petted them, “one would take his head and knock the other’s head away,” she said. It certainly looked like jealousy.
学习啦在线学习网 在遇到这个问题时，哈里斯博士已经对人类的嫉妒情绪进行了多年研究。当时，她部分是受了父母的边境牧羊犬表现出的怪异行为的启发。她说，当她抚摸他们时，“其中一只会用头把另外一只的头挤开”。这种情形看上去当然像嫉妒了。
But having studied humans, she was aware of different schools of thought about jealousy. Some scientists argue that jealousy requires complex thinking about self and others, which seems beyond dogs’ abilities. Others think that although our descriptions of jealousy are complex, the emotion itself may not be that complex.
但因为已经对人类进行了研究，她了解有关嫉妒的不同思想流派。一些科学家认为，嫉妒要求有能力对自身和他人进行复杂思考，这似乎超出了狗狗的能力。其他一些人则认为，尽管我们对嫉妒的描述颇为复杂，但这种情感本身或许并不复杂。
Dog emotions, as owners perceive them, have been studied before. In one case, Alexandra Horowitz, a cognitive scientist who is an adjunct associate professor at Barnard College and the author of “Inside of a Dog,” found that the so-called guilty look that dogs exhibit seemed to be more related to fear of punishment.
学习啦在线学习网 以前就有人研究过主人眼中狗狗的情感。在其中一项研究中，著有《一只狗的内心》(Inside of a Dog)的认知科学家、巴纳德学院(Barnard College)客座副教授亚历山德拉·霍罗威茨(Alexandra Horowitz)发现，狗狗表现出来的所谓的内疚表情似乎与害怕受到惩罚更相关。
学习啦在线学习网 Dr. Harris ventured into the tricky turf of dog emotion by devising a test based on work done with infants.
哈里斯博士以针对孩子的研究工作为基础，设计了一个试验，大胆进入了狗的情感这个棘手领域。
When dog owners petted and talked to a realistic stuffed dog that barked and whined, the people’s own dogs came over, pushed the person or the stuffed dog, and sometimes barked. After the experiment, many of the dogs sniffed the rear end of the stuffed dog, suggesting, Dr. Harris said, that the dogs thought it might be real.
当狗主人抚摸一只逼真的、能吠叫并发出呜呜声的填充玩具狗，并与其说话时，他们自己的狗会走过来，推自己的主人或那只玩具狗，有时还会大叫。试验结束后，许多狗狗会嗅那只填充玩具狗的臀部。哈里斯博士称，这表明，那些狗狗以为玩具狗可能是一只真狗。
Dr. Harris also recorded what happened as the owners petted and talked to a jack-o’-lantern and read a children’s book aloud, to see if any old distraction would provoke a reaction. The dogs paid little attention to the jack-o’-lantern and very little to the book.
学习啦在线学习网 为了看看随便什么通常分散注意力的事情会不会让它们有所反应，哈里斯还记录了狗主人在抚摸南瓜灯笼并和它说话，以及大声朗读儿童读物时发生的情况。那些狗少有注意灯笼的，对那本书，狗狗的关注度则更小。
Dr. Harris concluded, in a paper in PLoS One written with Caroline Prouvost, also at the University of California, San Diego, that the dogs showed a “primordial” form of jealousy, not as complex as the human emotion, but similar in that there is a social triangle and the dog is trying to make sure it, not the rival, receives the attention.
在与同在加州大学圣迭戈分校任职的卡罗琳·普鲁沃(Caroline Prouvost)共同撰写，并发表在《公共科学图书馆·综合》(PLOS One)的一篇文章中，哈里斯得出结论称，那些狗表现出了一种“原始”形式的嫉妒，不像人类的嫉妒那么复杂。但它也是发生在一种社会三角关系之中，狗狗会尝试确定获得关注的是自己，而不是对手，因此这种情感与人类的嫉妒类似。
学习啦在线学习网 Other scientists had mixed reactions to the work. Dr. Horowitz said she admired the goal but thought the researchers had not shown that the behaviors observed actually indicated jealousy.
其他科研人员对这项研究的反响各异。霍罗威茨博士说，她很欣赏该研究的目标，但她认为，研究者没能证明，被观察到的行为真的代表嫉妒。
学习啦在线学习网 “What can be shown is that dogs seem to want an owner’s attention when there is attention being given out,” she said. “This study confirms that.”
“可以被证明的是，当主人向外界给予关注的时候，狗狗似乎想要得到这种关注，”她说，“这项研究证实了这一点。”
学习啦在线学习网 Sybil Hart, at Texas Tech, who has studied jealousy in infants, said she thought the research was “very well done and makes a very compelling argument.”
学习啦在线学习网 德克萨斯理工大学的西比尔·哈特(Sybil Hart)曾经研究过婴儿的嫉妒心理。哈特说，她认为这项研究“做得很出色，观点令人信服”。
If one sees jealousy in babies and dogs, she said, “to some degree, it’s innate,” which would be important to know for attempts to manage human jealousy.
学习啦在线学习网 哈特说，如果人们发现了婴儿和狗狗的嫉妒之心，“在一定程度上，这是天生的”。了解这一点对于管理成人的嫉妒情绪十分重要。
“Over all, trying to make it go away has not been very successful,” Dr. Hart said. “We are trying to eliminate jealousy, and scientists are saying maybe we should try to understand it better.”
“总的来说，消除嫉妒心理的努力并不是非常成功，”哈特博士说。“我们正努力消除嫉妒情绪，而科学家告诉我们，或许我们应该试着更好地理解它。”
Jealousy, Dr. Harris wrote in the study, is “the third leading cause of nonaccidental homicide across cultures.”
哈里斯在研究中写道，嫉妒“在许多文化中都是故意杀人案的第三大诱因”。
Whatever the dogs’ behavior is called, said Brian Hare, a director of the Duke Canine Cognition Center at Duke University, there are practical implications for their owners.
杜克大学杜克犬科动物认知研究中心(Duke Canine Cognition Center at Duke University)的主任布赖恩·黑尔(Brian Hare)说，无论犬类的这种行为被称作什么，对他们的主人而言，都会存在一些实实在在的影响。
“Attention seeking can lead to jealousylike behavior in dogs that includes aggression in some cases,” he said. “So for dogs with suspected aggression problems, it may be important to avoid situations where they feel ignored.”
“寻求关注可以引发狗狗类似于嫉妒的表现，比如有时候出现攻击性，”他说。“因此，对于可能有攻击性问题的狗狗来说，避免让他们感到被忽略也许十分重要。”
一篇关于狗狗的英文文章篇三
人类与狗狗 Human beings and dog
Books and Arts; Book Review;Human beings and dogs;Man's best friend;
文艺;书评;人类与狗狗;人类最好的朋友;
学习啦在线学习网 Scientific research throws new light on a very old partnership
科学研究赋予这一古老的伴侣关系以新的内涵
Dog Sense: How the New Science of Dog Behaviour Can Make You a Better Friend to Your Pet. By John Bradshaw.
学习啦在线学习网 《狗的内心世界：狗狗行为学的研究能让你和狗狗相处的更好》 作者: John Bradshaw。
学习啦在线学习网 The relationship between people and dogs is unique. Among domesticated animals, only dogs are capable of performing such a wide variety of roles for humans: herding sheep, sniffing out drugs or explosives and being our beloved companions. It is hard to be precise about when the friendship began, but a reasonable guess is that it has been going strong for more than 20,000 years. In the Chauvet cave in the Ardèche region of France, which contains the earliest known cave paintings, there is a 50-metre trail of footprints made by a boy of about ten alongside those of a large canid that appears to be part-wolf, part-dog. The footprints, which have been dated by soot deposited from the torch the child was carrying, are estimated to be about 26,000 years old.
人类与狗狗的关系相当特殊。在家饲的动物中，只有狗狗能胜任如此之多的角色：牧羊犬、缉毒犬、排爆犬、伴侣犬。很难准确的说这种友谊从何时开始的，但是一个合理的猜测是，这种友谊是过去长达2万多年时间以来逐渐加深的。在法国阿尔代什地区的肖维岩洞内，发现的现今所知最早的壁画，一个大约10岁的男孩留下的50米的足迹旁是一串大型半狼半狗的犬科动物足迹。从男孩所举的火把落下的灰烬可推算出，这串足迹距今大约2.6万年了.
学习啦在线学习网 The first proto-dogs probably remained fairly isolated from each other for several thousand years. As they became progressively more domesticated they moved with people on large-scale migrations, mixing their genes with other similarly domesticated creatures and becoming increasingly dog-like (and less wolf-like) in the process. For John Bradshaw, a biologist who founded the anthrozoology department at the University of Bristol, having some idea about how dogs got to be dogs is the first stage towards gaining a better understanding of what dogs and people mean to each other. Part of his agenda is to explode the many myths about the closeness of dogs to wolves and the mistakes that this has led to, especially in the training of dogs over the past century or so.
学习啦在线学习网 始祖狗最初都是独来独往的，这一状况维持了数千年。但当它们被逐渐驯化后，跟随人类进行大规模迁徙，使得它们的基因与其它相似的家饲动物的基因发生了融合，渐渐的它们看上去更像狗而非狼了。作为 Bristol 大学的人类与动物关系学系的创始人，生物学家Mr. John Bradshaw认为，要想更好的理解狗狗与人类的关系，首先得具备一些关于狗狗进化的知识。他的一部分工作是探究很多有关狗与狼之间传说中的亲缘关系，及由此产生的各种误解。特别是过去一个世纪以来的狗狗驯化的过程。
One idea has governed dog training for far too long, Mr Bradshaw says. Wolf packs are supposedly despotic hierarchies dominated by alpha wolves. Dogs are believed to behave in the same way in their dealings with humans. Thus training a dog effectively becomes a contest for dominance in which there can be only one winner. To achieve this the trainer must use a variety of punishment techniques to gain the dog's submission to his mastery. Just letting a dog pass through a door before you or stand on the stairs above you is to risk encouraging it to believe that it is getting the upper hand over you and the rest of the household. Mr Bradshaw argues that the theory behind this approach is based on bad and outdated science.
Mr Bradshaw说，在对狗狗的长期驯化中，有一个理论一直主导着人类，即，狼群是受一个暴戾的头狼统领的。狗狗对人类的服从就沿袭了狼的这一行为模式。于是，对狗狗的驯化就成了统领权的竞赛，赢家只有一个。为了实现这一点，人类必须使用各种惩罚的方法来让狗狗服从它的主人。不能让狗狗先于你进家门或站在高高的楼梯顶端。这都会让狗狗相信在饲主及其家人面前，它们占了上风。 Mr Bradshaw 认为这种方法背后的理论基础都站不住脚而且相当落伍。
Dogs share 99.6% of the same DNA as wolves. That makes dogs closer to wolves than we are to chimps (with which we have about 96% of our DNA in common), but it does not mean that their brains work like those of wolves. Indeed, the outgoing affability of most dogs towards humans and other dogs is in sharp contrast to the mix of fear and aggression with which wolves react to animals from other packs. “Domestication has been a long and complex process,” Mr Bradshaw writes. “Every dog alive today is a product of this transition. What was once another one of the wild social canids, the grey wolf, has been altered radically, to the point that it has become its own unique animal.” If anything, dogs resemble juvenile rather than fully adult canids, a sort of arrested development which accounts for the way they remain dependent on their human owners throughout their lives.
狗与狼的基因99.6%是一样的。这使得狗与狼的关系远比人类与黑猩猩的更近(人类与黑猩猩的基因有96%是相同的)，但这并不意味着狗狗的大脑与狼的工作原理是一样的。的确，绝大多数的狗狗对人类和自己的同类都表现的很友好，于此截然相反的是，狼对其它动物的反应则表现为多疑和攻击性。“家饲驯化是一个漫长而复杂的过程” Mr Bradshaw写到，“每一条生活在今天的狗狗都是这一变迁的产物，曾有是一种群居的野生犬科动物-灰狼，经过了彻底的演变，从而变成了一种独一无二的动物”.如果说有什么相同的话，狗不再是成熟的犬科动物而是停留在了幼年状态，它们终其一生要依靠它们的饲主才能生活。
But what makes the dog-wolf paradigm especially misleading, Mr Bradshaw argues, is that until recently, the studies of wolves were of the wrong wolves in extremely artificial conditions. In the wild, wolf packs tend to be made up of close family members representing up to three generations. The father and mother of the first lot of cubs are the natural leaders of the pack, but the behavioural norm is one of co-operation rather than domination and submission. However, the wolves on which biologists founded their conclusions about dominance hierarchies were animals living in unnaturally constituted groups in captivity. Mr Bradshaw says that feral or “village” dogs, which are much closer to the ancestors of pet dogs than they are to wolves, are highly tolerant of one another and organise themselves entirely differently from either wild or captive wolves.
但是，是什么让狗与狼的关系模式误导了大家? Mr Bradshaw 认为问题出在作为研究对象的狼都是眷养在极端人工的环境下，是选“错”了狼。在野外，狼群都是由关系较近的祖孙三代家庭成员组成，父亲和母亲会自然而然的变成第一代子女幼仔的头狼，但在行为模式上表现的是合作关系而非统治和服从。而让生物学家们得出统治权争夺的结论都是基于那些生活在非自然状态下，被人工眷养的狼群之上的。 Mr Bradshaw 认为，与其说狼是宠物狗的祖先，不如说野狗或“土”狗才是宠物狗的祖先。因为它们之间更宽容，而且在组群关系上与不管是野生狼群或眷养狼群都相去甚远。
Dogs are not like nicely brought-up wolves, says the author, nor are they much like people despite their extraordinary ability to enter our lives and our hearts. This is not to deny that some dogs are very clever or that they are capable of feeling emotion deeply. But their intelligence is different from ours. The idea that some dogs can understand as many words as a two-year-old child is simply wrong and an inappropriate way of trying to measure canine intellect. Rather, their emotional range is more limited than ours, partly because, with little sense of time, they are trapped almost entirely in the present. Dogs can experience joy, anxiety and anger. But emotions that demand a capacity for self- reflection, such as guilt or jealousy, are almost certainly beyond them, contrary to the convictions of many dog owners.
本书作者认为，狗即不像精心调养大的狼，也不像人类自己，尽管它们是那么擅长融入我们的生活、我们的内心。不可否认，很多狗狗是那样聪明甚至能感知我们内心的情感。但它们的智力与人类不同。那些认为狗狗能理解与2-3岁孩子一样多词汇含义的想法是错误的，用这种方法来衡量狗狗的智力也是不恰当的。再者说，它们的情绪范围远比人类有限，部分原因可能它们没有时间的概念，所以全身心的生活在当下。狗狗能体会到高兴、焦虑和愤怒。但比如说像自责或嫉妒等需要自省能力的情感，狗狗是不具备的，这与狗狗的主人们所想的完全不同。
Mr Bradshaw believes that it is difficult for people to empathise with the way in which dogs experience and respond to the world through their extraordinary sense of smell: their sensitivity to odours is between 10,000 and 100,000 times greater than ours. A newly painted room might be torture for a dog; on the other hand, their olfactory ability and their trainability allow dogs to perform almost unimaginable feats, such as smelling the early stages of a cancer long before a normal medical diagnosis would detect it.
Mr Bradshaw 认为，人类很难理解狗狗是如何凭借它们出色的嗅觉来体验、感知世界并做出反应的：它们对气味的灵敏度是人类的1万-10万倍。住进一个刚粉刷过的房间对狗狗来说可能是酷刑;另一方面，它们超敏锐的嗅觉和可训练的特性让狗狗几乎能完成各种超乎想像的事情，例如，在医生做出诊断之前，狗狗就能嗅出患者的早期癌症。
The latest scientific research can help dogs and their owners have happier, healthier relationships by encouraging people to understand dogs better. But Mr Bradshaw is also fearful. In particular, he deplores the incestuous narrowing of the gene pool that modern pedigree breeders have brought about. Dogs today are rarely bred for their working abilities (herding, hunting, guarding), but for a very particular type of appearance, which inevitably risks the spread of physical and temperamental abnormalities. Instead, he suggests that dogs be bred for the ideal behavioural traits associated with the role they will actually play. He also worries that the increasing urbanisation of society and the pressures on couples to work long hours are putting dogs under huge strain. He estimates that about 20% of Britain's 8m dogs and America's 70m suffer from “separation distress” when their owners leave the house, but argues that sensible training can teach them how to cope.
学习啦在线学习网 最新的科学研究鼓励人们更好的理解狗狗，帮助狗狗和它们的饲主建立起更愉快、更健康的关系。但 Mr Bradshaw还是很担心，他尤其痛恨为保持狗的纯种而进行的近亲繁殖，这使得现在狗的基因多样性越来越窄。今天的狗狗很少是作为工作犬来繁育了(如牧羊、打猎、护卫)，多数都是为了追究某些特殊的外形，这不可避免的造成狗狗身体、性情上的畸形，并随着繁育过程蔓延开来。他主张，狗的繁育要使得它们能保留相应的行为模式以适应它们将要承担的角色。他还担心随着城市化程度加深、人们工作时间增加给狗狗的压力也越来越大。他估计，英国800万只狗狗，美国7000万只狗狗中大约20%，在它们的主人外出工作时，正遭受着“分离焦虑”的痛苦。但他也认为如果训练得当狗狗们能应付的了。
“Dog Sense” is neither a manual nor a sentimental account of the joys of dog-ownership. At times its rigorously research-led approach can be slightly heavy going. A few more jolly anecdotes might have leavened the mix. But this is a wonderfully informative, quietly passionate book that will benefit every dog whose owner reads it.
学习啦在线学习网 “狗狗的内心世界”即不是一本操作指南也不是一本人与狗的温情故事集。书中充斥着各种晦涩的研究手法会让人读起来很吃力，如果能加入一些趣闻轶事就更好了。但作为一本信息量大而又饱含热情的书，如果主人能认真读完的话，狗狗们从中会受益的。
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