高考英语语法句子
高考英语语法句子
非谓语动词一直是英语语法中的一个重点,搞懂了非谓语动词,就可以让自己的写作水平上升一个台阶。下面是学习啦小编带来的,欢迎阅读!
英语语法——句子结构
在句子中,词与词之间有一定的组合关系,按照不同的关系,可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。句子成分由词或词组充当。英语的基本成分有六种:主语(subject)、谓语(predicate)、表语(predicative)、宾语(object)、定语(attribute)和状语(adverbial)。
英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。
学习啦在线学习网 英语五种基本句型列式如下:
一: S V (主+谓)
二: S V P (主+系+表)
学习啦在线学习网 三: S V O (主+谓+宾)
四: S V o O (主+谓+间宾+直宾)
五: S V O C (主+谓+宾+宾补)
主+谓
学习啦在线学习网 1.S(主) + Vi(不及物动词)(谓)
Time flies.
学习啦在线学习网 1) S + V + adverbial(状语)
Birds sing beautifully.
学习啦在线学习网 2) S + Vi+ prep Phrase(介词短语)
He went on holiday.
3) S + Vi+ Infinitive (不定式)
We stopped to have a rest.
学习啦在线学习网 4) S + Vi+ Participle (分词)
I'll go swimming.
主+谓+宾
1) S + Vt + N/Pron
学习啦在线学习网 I like music. I like her.
学习啦在线学习网 2) S + Vt + to do (不定式)
学习啦在线学习网 I want to help him.
学习啦在线学习网 常用于这句型的动词有:attempt, dare, decide, desire, expect, hope, intend, learn, need, offer, pretend, promise, propose, purpose, refuse, want, wish等。
3) S + Vt + doing
I enjoy living here.
常用于这句型的动词有:admit, advise, avoid, consider, defend, enjoy, excuse, finish, forbid, mind, miss, practice, risk, suggest, give up, can't help等。
4) S + Vt + That-从句
I don't think (that) he is right.
学习啦在线学习网 常用于这句型的动词有:Admit, believe, doubt, expect, explain, feel...
主+系+表
学习啦在线学习网 S (主)+ V(谓)(lv)( 系动词)+ P(表)
学习啦在线学习网 We are Chinese.
除了be 系动词外,还有一些动词也可以用作系动词,1)表感官的动词,feel, smell, taste, sound, look, appear, seem 等。2) 表转变变化的动词,become, get, grow, turn, go,等。 3)表延续的动词 remain, keep, seem, hold, stay, rest等。4)表瞬时的动词 come, fall, set, cut, occur等 5)其他动词 eat, lie, prove, ring, run, shine, sit, stand, continue, hang等。
学习啦在线学习网 1) S + Lv + N/Pron(名词/代词)
学习啦在线学习网 He is a boy.
学习啦在线学习网 This is mine.
2) S + Lv + Adj(形容词)
She is beautiful.
3) S + Lv + Adv (副词)
学习啦在线学习网 Class is over.
学习啦在线学习网 4) S + Lv + Prep Phrase
学习啦在线学习网 He is in good health.
学习啦在线学习网 5) S + Lv + Participle(分词)
He is excited.
The film is interesting.
主+谓+间宾+直宾
S (主)+ VT (谓)+ Oi(间接 宾)+ Od(直接宾)
I give you help.
1) S + Vt + N/Pron + N
I sent him a book.
I bought May a book.
学习啦在线学习网 上述句型可以变为:S + Vt + N/Pron + To/for-phrase
He sent a book to me.
He bought a coat for me.
学习啦在线学习网 2) S + Vt + N/Pron + That-clause
学习啦在线学习网 He told me that the film was great.
常用于这句型的动词有:assure, inform, promise, remind, teach, tell, warn等。
学习啦在线学习网 3) S + Vt + N/Pron + Wh-Clause
He asked me what he should do.
常用于这句型的动词有:Advise, ask, inform, show, teach, tell.
学习啦在线学习网 主+谓+宾+宾补
学习啦在线学习网 S (主)+ Vt(谓)+ O(宾) + C(宾补)
I make you clear.
1) S + Vt + N/Pron + N
学习啦在线学习网 We named our baby Tom.
常用于这句型的动词有:appoint, call, choose, elect, entitle, find, make, name, nominate(命名)。
学习啦在线学习网 2) S + Vt + N/Pron + Adj
He painted the wall white.
常用于这句型的动词有:beat, boil, cut, drive, find, get, hold, keep, leave, like, make, paint, see, set, turn, want, wash, wipe, wish等。
3) S + Vt + N/Pron + Prep Phrase
She always keeps everything in good order.
4) S + Vt+ N/Pron + to do
I wish you to stay.
I made him work
学习啦在线学习网 常用于这句型的动词有:
学习啦在线学习网 5) S + Vt + N/Pron + Participle (分词)
I heard my name called.
学习啦在线学习网 I feel something moving.
6)S + Vt + N/Pron + Wh-word + Infinitive(不定式)
He show me how to do it.
学习啦在线学习网 常用于这句型的动词有:advise, ask, inform, show, teach, tell等。
句子的扩展
常用的英语句子除了基本句型的成分不变通常是在这些成分的前面或后面增加一些修饰语(modifier)而加以扩大。这些修饰语可以是单词(主要是形容词、副词和数词),也可以是 各种类型的短语(主要是介词短语、不定式短语和分词短语)。
We found the hall full.
我们发现礼堂坐满了。
We found the great hall full of students and teachers.
我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师。
学习啦在线学习网 We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report. 我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师,在听一个重要报告。
We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report made by a comrade from the People's Daily on current affairs in East Europe.
学习啦在线学习网 我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师,在听人民日报的一位同志作有关东欧局势的重要报告。