什么是主动语态和被动语态

什么是主动语态和被动语态

　　编者按：英语中当主语是谓语动作的发出者时，我们称之为主动语态，二挡主语是谓语动作的承受者是就是被动语态。下面小编就来带你一起学习下，希望对大家有帮助。

　　1.当主语是谓语动作的发出者时，我们称之为主动语态(主动句)。

　　We speak English.

　　我们讲英语。

学习啦在线学习网 　　(“讲”是主语“我们”发出的动作。)

学习啦在线学习网 　　He is writing a letter.

学习啦在线学习网 　　他下在写一封信。

学习啦在线学习网 　　(writing是主语He发出的动作。)

　　2. 当主语是谓语动作的承受者时，称之为被动语态(被动句)：在中文里相当于“…被…”的句子。

　　Class 1 was defeated.

　　一班被打败了。

学习啦在线学习网 　　(主语Class 1是defeted的承受者)

　　A hare was killed.

　　一只野兔被打死了。

　　(A hare是killed的承受者。在形式上A hare是was killed的主语，但在意思上，A hare是killed的宾语，即等于：Someone killed a hare.)

　　3.大多数“主-动-宾”结构的主动句都可以转换为被动句。

　　(1)将原来的宾语变为主语，并将原来的主动态动词词组变为被动态动词词组。

学习啦在线学习网 　　This factory produces machine tools.

学习啦在线学习网 　　→Machine tools are produced in this factory.

　　The found a wallet in the car.

　　→A wallet was found in the car.

学习啦在线学习网 　　They are repairingthe bridge.

　　→The bridge is being repaired.

学习啦在线学习网 　　They have repaired the bridge.

学习啦在线学习网 　　→The bridge has been repaired.

学习啦在线学习网 　　They often make fun of her.

学习啦在线学习网 　　→She is often made fun of.

学习啦在线学习网 　　He took great care of his books.

　　→His books were taken great care of.

学习啦在线学习网 　　→Great care was taken of his books.

　　(2)如果原句带有情态动词或半助动词，在变为被动句时，助动词不变，随后的主动词变为被动态。

学习啦在线学习网 　　They should do this right now.

学习啦在线学习网 　　→ This should bedone right now.

　　They may be interviewing the applicants at the moment.

　　→The applicants maybe being interviewed at the moment.

　　They must have finished their work.

学习啦在线学习网 　　→Their work must have been finished

　　He is likely tolet you down.

学习啦在线学习网 　　→You are likely tobe let down.

　　(3)当主动句变被动句，如果要强调施动者，可将原句主语置于by- 词组中表达出来。

　　A boy found this wallet in the street.

学习啦在线学习网 　　→This wallet was found in the street by a boy.

学习啦在线学习网 　　(4)当主动句是一个“主-动-宾-宾”结构时，可以有两种形式。

学习啦在线学习网 　　Father gave me a toy yesterday.

　　→I was given a toy yesterday.

　　→A toy was given to me yesterday.

学习啦在线学习网 　　(5)当主动句是一个“主-动-宾-补”结构时，可将原来的宾语变为被动句的主语，原来的宾语补语变为被动句里的主语补语。

学习啦在线学习网 　　They named the boy Tom.

　　→The boy was named Tom.

　　We painted the wall pink.

　　→The wall was painted pink.

　　在英语里，有些表达只能用主动语态。

　　The door won’t lock.门锁不上。

学习啦在线学习网 　　The cloth washes well.这布料很耐洗。

　　The drawer won’t open.这抽屉打不开。

学习啦在线学习网 　　His novel sells well.他的小说销路很好。

学习啦在线学习网 　　This paper tears easily.这纸一撕就破。

　　本文作者：丹丹英语 (公众号：英语语法学习)

　　本文已获转载授权，版权归作者所有，如需转载，请联系原微信公众号“英语语法学习”。