雅思阅读理解经典习题附答案

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雅思阅读理解经典习题附答案

★Study Finds Web Antifraud Measure Ineffective

Published: February 5, 2007 New York Times

1. Internet security experts have long known that simple passwords do not fully defend online bank accounts from determined fraud artists. Now a study suggests that a popular secondary security measure provides little additional protection.

2.The study, produced jointly by researchers at Harvard and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, looked at a technology called site-authentication images. In the system, currently used by financial institutions like Bank of America, ING Direct and Vanguard, online banking customers are asked to select an image, like a dog or chess piece, that they will see every time they log in to their account.

学习啦在线学习网3.The idea is that if customers do not see their image, they could be at a fraudulent Web site, dummied up to look like their bank’s, and should not enter their passwords.

学习啦在线学习网4.The Harvard and M.I.T. researchers tested that hypothesis. In October, they brought 67 Bank of America customers in the Boston area into a controlled environment and asked them to conduct routine online banking activities, like looking up account balances. But the researchers had secretly withdrawn the images.

5.Of 60 participants who got that far into the study and whose results could be verified, 58 entered passwords anyway. Only two chose not to log on, citing security concerns.

6.“The premise is that site-authentication images increase security because customers will not enter their passwords if they do not see the correct image,” said Stuart Schechter, a computer scientist at the M.I.T. Lincoln Laboratory. “From the study we learned that the premise is right less than 10 percent of the time.”

7.He added: “If a bank were to ask me if they should deploy it, I would say no, wait for something better,” he said.

学习啦在线学习网8.The system has some high-power supporters in the financial services world, many trying to comply with new online banking regulations. In 2005, the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council, an interagency body of federal banking regulators, determined that passwords alone did not effectively thwart intruders like identity thieves.

学习啦在线学习网9.It issued new guidelines, asking financial Web sites to find better ways for banks and customers to identify each other online. January 2007 was set as the compliance date, though the council has yet to begin enforcing the mandate.

10.Banks immediately knew what they did not want to do: ask customers to download new security software, or carry around hardware devices that feed them PIN codes they can use to authenticate their identities. Both solutions would add an extra layer of security but, the banks believed, detract from the convenience of online banking.

11.The image system, introduced in 2004 by a Silicon Valley firm called PassMark Security, offered banks a pain-free addition to their security arsenals. Bank of America was among the first to adopt it, in June 2005, under the brand name SiteKey, asking its 21 million Web site users to select an image from thousands of possible choices and to choose a unique phrase they would see every time they logged in.

学习啦在线学习网12.SiteKey “gives our customers a fairly easy way of authenticating the Bank of America Web site,” said Sanjay Gupta, an e-commerce executive at the bank. “It was very well received.”

13.The Harvard and M.I.T. researchers, however, found that most online banking customers did not notice when the SiteKey images were absent. When respondents logged in during the study, they saw a site maintenance message on the screen where their image and phrases should have been pictured. The error message also had a conspicuous spelling mistake, further suggesting something fishy.

14.Mr. Gupta of Bank of America said he was not troubled by the results of the survey, and stressed that SiteKey had made the bank’s Web site more secure. He also said that the system was only a single part of a larger security blanket. “It’s not like we’re betting the bank on SiteKey,” he said.

学习啦在线学习网15.Most financial institutions, like Bank of America, have other ways to tell if a customer is legitimate. The banks often drop a small software program, called a cookie, onto a user’s PC to associate the computer with the customer. If the customer logs in from another machine, he may be asked personal questions, like his mother’s maiden name.

16.Rachna Dhamija, the Harvard researcher who conducted the study, points out that swindlers can use their dummy Web sites to ask customers those personal questions. She said that the study demonstrated that site-authentication images are fundamentally flawed and, worse, might actually detract from security by giving users a false sense of confidence.

17.RSA Security, the company that bought PassMark last year, “has a lot of great data on how SiteKey instills trust and confidence and good feelings in their customers,” Ms. Dhamija said. “Ultimately that might be why they adopted it. Sometimes the appearance of security is more important than security itself.”

(811 words nytimes.com)

学习啦在线学习网Questions 1-5

学习啦在线学习网Do the following statements agree with the information given in the passage? Please write

学习啦在线学习网TRUE if the statement agrees with the writer

学习啦在线学习网FALSE if the statement does not agree with the writer

NOT GIVEN if there is no information about this in the passage

学习啦在线学习网1.According to internet security experts, secondary security measures provide little additional protection against fraud.

学习啦在线学习网2.In the Harvard and MIT study, two subjects didn’t log on without seeing the correct pictures.

3.According to Schechter, more than 90% of online banking customers studied logged on without seeing the right pictures.

4.The image system is the only security measure that the banks mentioned in the passage have currently.

学习啦在线学习网5.Bank of America is the first bank that adopted the image system.

Questions 6-13

学习啦在线学习网Answer the following questions or complete the following sentences by choosing NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.

6.What is ING Direct and Vanguard?

7.What might online banking customers be cheated to give at a fraudulent Web site?

学习啦在线学习网8.What may stop online banking customers from using new verification methods?

学习啦在线学习网9.The key to online banking security is to verify the ______ of customers.

10.Where is PassMark Security located?

11.What is the reason why SiteKey is popular among online banking customers?

学习啦在线学习网12.What was used instead of images in the Harvard and M.I.T. study?

13.How many security methods are mentioned in this passage?

学习啦在线学习网Answer keys

1. 第一段“Now a study suggests that a popular secondary security measure provides little additional protection.”似与问题文字很接近，但是原文中a popular secondary security measure是指特定的一个措施，而非泛指所有secondary security measure。原文没有其它学习啦在线学习网secondary security measure安全有效性的内容。故应选择NG。

2. 见第4、5段内容。第四段 “But the researchers had secretly withdrawn the images.”即研究人员撤下了图形，第五段“Only two chose not to log on, citing security concerns.”，有两个人因为安全考虑未进入。

3. T 见第6段。

学习啦在线学习网4. F 见第11、14段。

学习啦在线学习网5. F 见第11段“Bank of America was among the first to adopt it”，可见首批采用图形识别软件的银行并非Bank of America一家。

6. A financial institution 见第二段。

学习啦在线学习网7. (their) passwords 见第三段。

8. less convenience 见第十段。

学习啦在线学习网9. identity 见第八、十段。

10. Silicon Valley 见第十一段。

11. easy to use 见第十二段。

学习啦在线学习网12. site maintenance message 见第十三段“When respondents logged in during the study, they saw a site maintenance message on the screen where their image and phrases should have been pictured.”

13. 4 分别见第十段的“download new security software”和“hardware devices that feed them PIN codes”，第十五段的“a small software program, called a cookie”，以及本文提到的site-authentication images。

雅思阅读材料大集合：年纪越大越觉时光飞逝

学习啦在线学习网As you get older, it feels like time tends to move faster. As Dan Ariely explains over at The Wall Street Journal, we tend to fall into familiar routines as we age and that makes time move quickly.

虽然你年纪越来越大，时间似乎也越走越快。就像作者丹·艾瑞里在《华尔街日报》撰文解释的一样：我们的岁数越是增长，生活就越倾向于变得一成不变。所以，时间过得更快了。

学习啦在线学习网We perceive time something like a stack of memories, so the less new experiences you have, the less likely you are to fill in those memories with interesting things.

学习啦在线学习网我们感知中的时间就像是回忆的堆叠。所以新鲜的经历越少，你就越不可能在那些回忆中填满有趣的事情。

学习啦在线学习网Time does go by (or, more accurately, it feels as if time is going by) more quickly the older we get.

我们越长大，时间确实会过得越快(或者更准确地说，我们确实会感觉时间过得越快)。

学习啦在线学习网In the first few years of our lives, anything we sense or do is brand new, and many of our experiences are unique, so they remain firmly in our memories. But as the years go by, we encounter fewer and fewer new experiences—both because we have already accomplished a lot and because we become slaves to our daily routines.

学习啦在线学习网在我们人生的最初几年里，我们感觉到的一切，所做的一切都是全新的。而且，我们的许多经历都很独特，独特到足以牢牢留在我们的记忆中。但是随着时间的流逝，我们能遇到的全新经历越来越少了。这是由于我们不仅已经完成了许多事情，而且已经习惯于像奴隶般遵守自己的生活习惯。

学习啦在线学习网For example, try to remember what happened to you every day last week，chances are that nothing extraordinary happened, so you will be hard-pressed to recall the specific things you did on Monday, Tuesday, etc.

举例来说，请你努力回想一下上周每天你都做了些什么事情。什么特别的事情也没有发生的概率很大，所以你会觉得回忆自己在周一、周二等日子里具体做了哪些事情非常困难。

学习啦在线学习网What can we do about this? Maybe we need some new app that will encourage us to try out new experiences, point out things we've never done, recommend dishes we've never tasted and suggest places we've never been. Such an app could make our lives more varied, prod us to try new things, slow down the passage of time and increase our happiness.

对此，我们该怎么办呢?或许我们需要一些新的应用来鼓励我们尝试新经历、指出我们还没做过的事情、给我们推荐没有尝试过的菜和没有去过的地方。这样的应用可以让我们的生活更加丰富，刺激我们去尝试新鲜的事物，让时光放慢脚步并且让我们更加快乐。

Until such an app arrives, try to do at least one new thing every week.It's not too difficult to push yourself to do new things.

学习啦在线学习网在这种应用被发明出来以前，每周至少尝试一件新的事物吧。逼自己去尝试新事物并不是一件非常困难的事情!

雅思阅读材料大集合：美国胖妹为比伯减肥110斤

A Justin Bieber superfan has lost more than eight stone in a bid to make her pop star idol notice her.

一位贾斯汀-比伯的超级粉丝为了让偶像注意到她，减掉了超过八英石的体重。

学习啦在线学习网Now weighing in at 10.5 stone Bryanna Debinder, 20, shed an incredible 122 lbs in just a year after becoming jealous of the slim girls who were pulled on stage by Bieber during his concerts.

学习啦在线学习网现在重10.5英石(约合66公斤)，20岁的布里安娜仅仅一年就减掉了122磅(约为110斤)的体重，只是因为嫉妒那些可以在演唱会上被比伯拉上台的苗条女孩们。

学习啦在线学习网'Every time I saw him pull up a pretty, slim girl on stage, I just thought: 'that should be me',' said Bryanna, of Temple, near Reading, Pennsylvania.

学习啦在线学习网“每次我看到他拉那些漂亮苗条的女孩上台，我都会想’那个人应该是我!’”来自宾夕法尼亚州开普的布里安娜这样说道。

'Everyone deserves a chance to be noticed by the person they love, and I'm his biggest fan.

“每个人都有机会得到她爱的人的注意，而且我是他的超级粉丝。”

学习啦在线学习网The Penn State University psychology student's obsession with Bieber, also 20, began when she saw him on MTV in 2009.

这位宾夕法尼亚州立大学心理学专业的学生和比伯同龄，2009年在MTV上见到比伯后自此迷得一发不可收拾。

As the then clean-cut pop star crooned to his platinum-selling single 'One Time', Bryanna fell in love and there began an obsession that would change her life.

当时长相清秀的流行歌手比伯深情演唱了白金单曲《One Time》，布里安娜陷入了爱河，并开始完全痴迷并从此改变了她的生活。

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