新托福阅读多长时间
在整个的托福考试中，阅读部分的时间是最紧张的。因此大家在平时的备考中，要更好的训练自己在阅读部分的时间分配。学习啦为大家整理了关于托福阅读时间的介绍，同时也为大家整理了一些合理分配时间的方法，供大家参考。
新托福阅读多长时间
托福阅读做多长时间最合适?
学习啦在线学习网新托福阅读考试分为无阅读加试和有阅读加试两种。
无阅读加试的情况下，共有3篇文章学习啦在线学习网，分为两个部分，第一部分为独立的1篇文章，考试时间为20分钟;第二部分为两篇文章，考试时间为40分钟，期间这两篇文章的考试时间可以自由分配。总体考试时间为两部分之和，即60分钟。
有阅读加试的情况下，在已有的3篇文章及60分钟答题时间的基础上，再加两篇文章，并作为一个部分，共计40分钟，加试期间的两篇文章的考试时间依然可以自由分配。总体考试时间为三部分之和，即100分钟。
学习啦在线学习网变化之前考试时间比较死板，第一篇文章必须在20分钟以内做完，等到第一篇文章做完后才能继续在后40分钟做后面两篇文章，有加试的考生还必须等把第二次的两篇文章做完后，才能继续做加试部分的题，如果各部分超过时间还没有做完的题，就不能算入成绩。变化之后考试时间更为灵活，没有加试的考生有60分钟的考试时间做三篇文章，有加试的考生有80分钟的时间做四篇文章，没有强制规定先做哪篇后做哪篇。
学习啦在线学习网提醒各位同学：考试做第一篇文章，不要超20分钟。
托福阅读时间分配方法
方法一：
用5分钟阅读整篇文章，形成对文章结构和关键内容的大致理解。剩下15分钟从第一题开始做到最后一题，先文后题：即先看每一段，然后解决对应的题目。
优点：
学习啦在线学习网1.对于文章的整体感有一定的把握，对于看懂的信息容易建立自信。
学习啦在线学习网2.有利于解决少数与段落主题有关的题目。
缺陷：
学习啦在线学习网1.不能在规定时间内完成;
学习啦在线学习网2.记不住段落的内容，做题时仍需返回段落，重新定位到具体的某句话来寻找答案。
3.做最后一题时，仍需重新阅读文章，因为距第一遍阅读文章已经时隔了十几分钟，不可能记得很清楚;或者凭借先前阅读后的大致印象选择答案，感觉没底。
方法二：
用7分钟阅读整篇文章，直接做最后一题。剩下的13分钟从第一题做到倒数第二题。
优点：
1.对于做最后一题有一定的好处，因为刚刚读完印象还在。
2.对于文章的整体感有一定的把握，对于看懂的信息容易建立自信。
缺陷：
1.最后一题的正确选项通常与第一题至倒数第二题中的某些题有一定在关联性，消耗了不必要的时间。
学习啦在线学习网2.做第一题至倒数第二题的时间非常紧迫，每道题(除了词汇题)几乎都是草草一笔带过，无法确保题目的正确率。
方法三：
学习啦在线学习网用15分钟做第一题至倒数第二题，先题后文：即读题目根据关键词定位到段落中的某句话，然后比对这句话和选项的含义，最后选出答案。剩下5分钟做最后一题。
优点：
学习啦在线学习网1.保证了绝大多数题目的正确率。
2.确保在规定时间内完成。
缺陷：
1.需要掌握简化后的解题方法，即上完强化班之后需要把习得的技巧进行简化后才能应用于实战。
2.对于第一题至倒数第二题中个别与全文结构或主题有关的题目不能在第一时间做出判断，只能放到做完最后一题之后完成，增加了考生的心理负担和翻页的时间损耗。
托福阅读TPO31第3篇:Savanna Formation
学习啦在线学习网【1】Located in tropical area at low altitudes, savannas are stable ecosystems, some wet and some dry consisting of vast grasslands with scattered tree or shrubs. They occur on a wide range of soil types and in extremes of climate. There is no simple or single factor that determines if a given site will be a savanna, but some factors seem to play important roles in their formation.
【2】Savannas typically experience a rather prolonged dry season. One theory behind savanna formation is that wet forest species are unable to withstand the dry season, and thus savanna, rather than rain forest, is favored on the site. Savannas experience an annual rainfall of between 1000 and 2000 millimeters, most of it falling in a five-to-eight month wet season. Though plenty of rain may fall on a savanna during the year, for at least part of the year little does, creating the drought stress ultimately favoring grasses. Such conditions prevail throughout much of northern South America and Cuba, but many Central American savannas as well as coastal areas of Brazil and the island of Trinidad do not fit this pattern. In these areas, rainfall per month exceeds that in the above definition, so other factors must contribute to savanna formation.
【3】In many characteristics, savanna soils are similar to those of some rain forests, though more extreme. For example, savanna soils, like many rain forest soils, are typically oxisols (dominated by certain oxide minerals) and ultisols (soils containing no calcium carbonate), with a high acidity notably low concentrations of such minerals as phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, and potassium, while aluminum levels are high. Some savannas occur on wet, waterlogged soils; other dry, sandy, well-drained soils. This many seem contradictory, but it only means that extreme soil conditions, either too wet or too dry for forests, are satisfactory for savannas. More moderate conditions support moist forests.
学习啦在线学习网【4】Waterlogged soils occur in areas that are flat or have poor drainage. These soils usually contain large amounts of clay and easily become water-saturated. Air cannot penetrate between the soil particles, making the soil oxygen-poor. By contrast, dry soils are sandy and porous, their coarse textures permitting water to drain rapidly. Sandy soils are prone to the leaching of nutrients and minerals and so tend to be nutritionally poor. Though most savannas are found on sites with poor soils (because of either moisture conditions or nutrient levels of both), poor soils can and do support lush rain forest.
【5】Most savannas probably experience mild fires frequently and major burns every two years or so. Many savanna and dry-forest plant species are called pyrophytes, meaning they are adapted in various ways to withstand occasional burning. Frequent fire is a factor to which rain forest species seem unable to adapt, although ancient charcoal remains from Amazon forest soils dating prior to the arrival of humans suggest that moist forests also occasionally burn. Experiments suggest that if fire did not occur in savannas in the Americas, species composition would change significantly. When burning occurs, it prevents competition among plant species from progressing to the point where some species exclude others, reducing the overall diversity of the ecosystem. But in experimental areas protected from fire, a few perennial grass species eventually come to dominate, outcompeting all others. Evidence from other studies suggests that exclusion of fire results in markedly decreased plant-species richness, often with an increase in tree density. There is generally little doubt that fire is a significant factor in maintaining savanna, certainly in most regions.
学习啦在线学习网【6】On certain sites, particularly in South America, savanna formation seems related to frequent cutting and burning of moist forests for pastureland. Increase in pastureland and subsequent overgrazing have resulted in an expansion of savanna. The thin upper layer of humus (decayed organic matter) is destroyed by cutting and burning. Humus is necessary for rapid decomposition of leaves by bacteria and fungi and for recycling by surface roots. Once the humus layer disappears, nutrients cannot be recycled and leach from the soil, converting soil from fertile to infertile and making it suitable only for savanna vegetation. Forests on white, sandy soil are most susceptible to permanent alteration.
1.The word "prolonged" in the passage is closest in meaning to
A.predictable.
B.destructive.
C.lengthy.
D.unproductive.
学习啦在线学习网2.In paragraph 2，the author mentions savannas in Central America, Brazil, and the island of Trinidad in order to
A.argue that these savannas are similar to those in South America and Cuba.
B.point out exceptions to the pattern of savanna formation in areas with drought stress.
C.provide additional examples of savannas in areas with five- to eight-month wet seasons.
D.indicate areas where savannas are being gradually replaced by rain forests.
学习啦在线学习网3.According to paragraph 3, rain forests and savannas differ in that
A.the soils in rain forests contain fewer minerals than savanna soils do.
学习啦在线学习网B.savannas affect soil conditions more than rain forests do.
学习啦在线学习网C.unlike rain forests, savannas prefer sandy, well-drained soils to soils that are very wet.
学习啦在线学习网D.unlike rain forests, savannas may develop under both very dry and very wet soil conditions.
学习啦在线学习网4.The word "notably" in the passage is closest in meaning to
学习啦在线学习网A.similarly.
学习啦在线学习网B.especially.
C.usually.
D.relatively.
学习啦在线学习网5.According to paragraph 3, all of the following are true of savanna soils EXCEPT
A.They have high concentrations of potassium.
B.They contain high levels of aluminum.
C.They are very acidic.
学习啦在线学习网D.They contain large amounts of certain oxide minerals.
6.According to paragraph 4, which of the following is true of waterlogged soils?
A.Their upper layers are usually sandy and porous.
B.They cannot support savannas.
C.They contain little oxygen.
学习啦在线学习网D.They are prone to the leaching of nutrients and minerals.
7.The fact that "poor soils can and do support lush rain forest" suggests that
A.poor soils alone may not be enough to explain why an area becomes a savanna.
学习啦在线学习网B.rain forest vegetation can significantly lower the quality of soils.
C.drought stress is the single most important factor in savanna formation.
学习啦在线学习网D.minerals are more important than moisture for the growth of trees.
学习啦在线学习网8.Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
学习啦在线学习网A.Rain forest species seem unable to adapt to fires created by humans.
B.Ancient charcoal remains suggest that, prior to the arrival of humans, fires occurred frequently in rain forests.
C.Ancient charcoal remains in Amazon forests suggest that rain forest species adapted to the area long before the arrival of humans.
D.Rain forest species appear unable to adapt to frequent fires, but evidence from the past suggests that rain forests sometimes do burn.
学习啦在线学习网9.The word "markedly" in the passage is closest in meaning to
A.dangerously.
B.noticeably.
C.rapidly.
D.gradually.
10.Paragraph 5 supports which of the following statements regarding the importance of fires in maintaining savannas?
A.Fires prevent the growth of pyrophytes.
学习啦在线学习网B.Fires eliminate some species and thus reduce the overall diversity of the ecosystem.
C.Fires that occur once every two years are unlikely to help maintain savannas.
D.Fires prevent some species from eliminating other species with which they compete.
学习啦在线学习网11.The word "subsequent" in the passage is closest in meaning to
A.expanded in area.
B.harmful.
C.following in time.
D.repeated.
12.According to paragraph 6，human activity affects soils in all of the following ways EXCEPT
A.Decomposition of leaves occurs too fast for surface roots to obtain nutrients.
B.Nutrients are not recycled.
C.Humus is destroyed.
D.Certain soils become unable to support vegetation other than savanna vegetation.
学习啦在线学习网13. Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence can be added to the passage.Where would the sentence best fit? In addition, humans have contributed to the conditions favoring the formation of savannas.
Most savannas probably experience mild fires frequently and major burns every two years or so. Many savanna and dry-forest plant species are called pyrophytes, meaning they are adapted in various ways to withstand occasional burning. Frequent fire is a factor to which rain forest species seem unable to adapt, although ancient charcoal remains from Amazon forest soils dating prior to the arrival of humans suggest that moist forests also occasionally burn. Experiments suggest that if fire did not occur in savannas in the Americas, species composition would change significantly. When burning occurs, it prevents competition among plant species from progressing to the point where some species exclude others, reducing the overall diversity of the ecosystem. But in experimental areas protected from fire, a few perennial grass species eventually come to dominate, outcompeting all others. ■【A】 Evidence from other studies suggests that exclusion of fire results in markedly decreased plant-species richness, oftenwithan increase in tree density. ■【B】 There is generally little doubt that fire is a significant factor in maintaining savanna, certainly in most regions.■【C】 On certain sites, particularly in South America, savanna formation seems related to frequent cutting and burning of moist forests for pastureland. ■【D】 Increase in pastureland and subsequent overgrazing have resulted in an expansion of savanna. The thin upper layer of humus (decayed organic matter) is destroyed by cutting and burning. Humus is necessary for rapid decomposition of leaves by bacteria and fungi and for recycling by surface roots. Once the humus layer disappears, nutrients cannot be recycled and leach from the soil, converting soil from fertile to infertile and making it suitable only for savanna vegetation. Forests on white, sandy soil are most susceptible to permanent alteration.
学习啦在线学习网14. Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passages or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points.
Several factors seem to play important roles in savanna formation.
A.Savannas can form in areas with a five- to eight-month wet season, but they more commonly have a
学习啦在线学习网B.Soil stress caused by drought, extreme moisture, or low nutrient levels favors the formsticm of
学习啦在线学习网C.Studies conducted in various regions indicate that an upper layer of white, sandy, soil is
D.Drought stress affects trees and shrubs in savannas far less than it affects savanna grasses.
E.Frequent fire is a major factor contributing to the formation and maintenance of
F.In some areas, human cutting and burning is associated with savanna formation, and
托福阅读答案
1.可以根据词根分析，原文中prolonged，词根为long，长度。Prolonged为延长的。选项中C，length本来是长度的意思，lengthy变为形容词格式，符合原词词义。
学习啦在线学习网2.以 savannas in Central America, Brazil, and the island of Trinidad作为关键词定位到原文，看到这半句和前 半句中间有but的转折，那么也就是说central America，Brazil这些地方和前面介绍的不一样，所以是例外情况。
3.本段第一句就指出，rain forest和savannas的土壤是相似的，但是更极端一点。后面就给了examples。最后一句 给出了两种土壤的总结"this may seem….Either too wet or too dry for forests" 所以选 D。
4.Notably从notice发展而来，以为显著的，因此选择B。另外也可通过and的并列格式来推断。
5.这一题对应for example后面的内容，A直接和红色标注部分矛盾，因此是要选的except的选项。
学习啦在线学习网6.A对于"by contrast…"那一句，sandy soil和waterlogged soils 是相反的。B 与原文矛盾，上段最后就说要么很干要么很湿，waterlogged 就是很湿的那种。C对于那个 making the soil oxygen-poor。D对应" Sandy soils are prone to ....."，而不是选项中说的 waterlogged soils的特征。
7.这句话说虽然几乎全部 的savannas都发生在poor soils之上，但是poor soils足以支撑茂盛的热带雨林。所以是转折，说明poor soils不是唯一决定了savannas的因素， 还有别的。
学习啦在线学习网8.原句主干是说frequent fire是造成热带雨林不能形成的原因，即使在人类出现之前亚马逊雨林也出现过偶尔的 燃烧。所以D是意思最完整的。可根据转折关系来判断。
9.根据词根判断，原词词根为mark意为标注，跟选项中B的notice意思相近，所以选B。
学习啦在线学习网10.对应部分从but in experimental areas protected from fire开始，后面的内容都对其重要性进行了解释，如果没有火来保持savannas，那么就很少有perennial grass species可以outcompeting其他的种类，从而减少了plant-species的丰富，而树的密度则会更大。对应了 D的描述。
学习啦在线学习网11.subsequence是后果的意思，subsequent就是后来，然后的意思。因此选择C。
12.human activity包括了cutting and burning，然后这句的后面，从''increase....''开始就是后果。先说humus is destroyed，对应 C，然后 humus 对于decomposition是非常必 要的，而 human activity destroy了humus，所以减慢了decomposition，和A矛盾。 后面说 nutrients cannot被recycled，对应了B。converting那一句对应了D。
13.要插入的句子学习啦在线学习网描述的是 savannas的形成原因，并且开头是in addition，证明是对前面句子的补充，前面句子说的应该是savannas形成的原因之一，对应了第二句。并且第三空后面的句子提到了cutting和burning，这些都是human activity。所以选 C。
14.BEF
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