GRE阅读高频机经原文及试题：蝙蝠的回声定位

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GRE阅读高频机经原文及试题：蝙蝠的回声定位

蝙蝠的回声定位

学习啦在线学习网Echolocating bats emit sounds in patterns—characteristic of each species—that contain both frequency-modulated (FM) and constant-frequency (CF) signals. The broadband FM signals and the narrowband CF signals travel out to a target, reflect from it, and return to the hunting bat. In this process of transmission and reflection, the sounds are changed, and the changes in the echoes enable the bat to perceive features of the target.

学习啦在线学习网The FM signals report information about target characteristics that modify the timing and the fine frequency structure, or spectrum, of echoes—for example, the target’s size, shape, texture, surface structure, and direction in space. Because of their narrow bandwidth, CF signals portray only the target’s presence and, in the case of some bat species, its motion relative to the bat’s. Responding to changes in the CF echo’s frequency, bats of some species correct in flight for the direction and velocity of their moving prey.

学习啦在线学习网33.1. According to the passage, the information provided to the bat by CF echoes differs from that provided by FM echoes in which of the following ways?

学习啦在线学习网(A) Only CF echoes alert the bat to moving targets.

(B) Only CF echoes identify the range of widely spaced targets.

学习啦在线学习网(C) Only CF echoes report the target’s presence to the bat.

(D) In some species, CF echoes enable the bat to judge whether it is closing in on its target.

学习啦在线学习网(E) In some species, CF echoes enable the bat to discriminate the size of its target and the direction in which the target is moving.

33.2. According to the passage, the configuration of the target is reported to the echolocating bat by changes in the

学习啦在线学习网(A) echo spectrum of CF signals

(B) echo spectrum of FM signals

学习啦在线学习网(C) direction and velocity of the FM echoes

(D) delay between transmission and reflection of the CF signals

学习啦在线学习网(E) relative frequencies of the FM and the CF echoes

33.3. The author presents the information concerning bat sonar in a manner that could be best described as

学习啦在线学习网(A) argumentative

学习啦在线学习网(B) commendatory

(C) critical

学习啦在线学习网(D) disbelieving

学习啦在线学习网(E) objective

33.4. Which of the following best describes the organization of the passage?

(A) A fact is stated, a process is outlined, and specific details of the process are described.

(B) A fact is stated, and examples suggesting that a distinction needs correction are considered.

学习啦在线学习网(C) A fact is stated, a theory is presented to explain that fact, and additional facts are introduced to validate the theory.

(D) A fact is stated, and two theories are compared in light of their explanations of this fact.

学习啦在线学习网(E) A fact is stated, a process is described, and examples of still another process are illustrated in detail.

GRE阅读词汇精选之皱褶

corrugate　v.(使)起波浪形，起皱纹

corrugation　n.波浪形状，起皱纹

crease　n.折缝，· 皱痕

crinkle　v.(使)变皱，· n.皱纹

学习啦在线学习网crumple　v.弄皱，· 扭弯

学习啦在线学习网furrow　n.犁沟，· 皱纹

pucker　v.起皱n.皱褶

ruck　n.皱褶，· 普通群众，· 大量

ruffle　v.变皱，· 弄皱，· 激怒

学习啦在线学习网rumple　v.弄皱，· 弄乱

学习啦在线学习网shrivel　v.枯萎，· 皱缩

wizened　adj.干皱的，· 干巴巴的

学习啦在线学习网wrinkle　n.皱纹，· 窍门

pursy　adj.　皱起的

学习啦在线学习网pleat　n.(衣服· 上的)褶

学习啦在线学习网tuck　v.　卷起，· 隐藏　n.　缝褶，· 活力

hem　n.(衣服· 或裙子的)褶边

懊悔

compunction　n.懊悔，良心不安

contrite　adj.悔罪的，痛悔的

contrition　n.悔罪，痛悔

学习啦在线学习网lamentable　adj.令人惋惜的，悔恨的

学习啦在线学习网penitent　adj.后悔的，忏悔的

impenitent　adj.不悔悟的

学习啦在线学习网remorse　n.懊悔，悔恨

学习啦在线学习网repent　v.懊悔，后悔

学习啦在线学习网repentance　n.悔恨

repentant　adj.对…感到悔恨的

学习啦在线学习网rue　n.后悔，遗憾.

rueful　adj.后悔的，· 遗憾的

guilt　n.罪行，· 内疚

GRE阅读词汇精选之栅栏,窝巢

学习啦在线学习网banister　n.(楼梯的)栏杆

学习啦在线学习网barricade　v.n.设栅阻挡,栅栏

coop　n.(鸡、)笼、栏

corral　n.(牛、马等)畜栏

fold　n.羊栏，· 畜栏，· v.折叠

学习啦在线学习网byre　n　牛栏，· 牛棚

学习啦在线学习网grille　n.(银行，· 邮局柜台上的)铁栅

hurdle　n.跳栏，· 障碍

学习啦在线学习网palings　n.篱笆，· 木栅栏

pen　n.围栏，· 监禁

学习啦在线学习网rail　n.栏杆，· 铁轨，· v.咒骂，猛烈指责

stockade　n.栅栏，· 围栏

palisade　n　篱笆，· 栅栏

学习啦在线学习网aviary　n.大鸟笼,鸟舍·

apiary　n.　养蜂场

学习啦在线学习网hive　n.蜂房，· 忙碌之地

kennel　n.狗舍，· 狗窝

lair　n.野兽的巢穴，· 躲藏处

学习啦在线学习网roost　v.n.栖息，· 鸟巢

nidus　n　巢，· 孵卵所

-沼泽,困境

学习啦在线学习网marsh　n.沼泽地，湿地

学习啦在线学习网mire　n.泥沼，困境

morass　n.沼泽地，困境　　v.陷入困境

学习啦在线学习网quagmire　n.沼泽地，困境

学习啦在线学习网bog　n.　泥塘,沼泽

dismal　a.　阴沉的,凄凉的,暗的　n.低落的情绪,沼泽

swamp　n　沼泽,湿地

dilemma　n.困境，左右为难

hot　water　n.困境

学习啦在线学习网predicament　n.困境,穷境

学习啦在线学习网strand　v　使搁浅,使陷于困境

straits　n.困难，窘境

学习啦在线学习网plight　n.境况,誓约,困境　v.宣誓,保证,约定

GRE词汇词根：aunt

学习啦在线学习网daunt　v.使胆怯，使畏缩

学习啦在线学习网dauntless　adj.勇敢的，无畏的

学习啦在线学习网undaunted　adj.不屈不挠的，无畏的

学习啦在线学习网flaunt　v.炫耀，张扬

gaunt　adj.憔悴的，瘦削的

学习啦在线学习网haunt　v.常到，(鬼魂)出没。(事情)萦绕心头　n.常去的地方

haunting　adj.不易忘怀的

jaunt　v.短程旅游

jaunty　adj.愉快的，满足的

taunt　v.嘲笑，讥笑

学习啦在线学习网vaunt　v.吹嘘，炫耀

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