托福阅读常考词汇题解题技巧
iBT阅读词汇题指的是从语言环境(简称语境)中理解词汇。语境在这里又称上下文。英语单词常常是一词多义，词汇题除了考察考生是否具备一定单词量以外，还测试考生在一定语境下准确理解词义的能力。词汇题是托福阅读考试中出现频率很高的一类题型，每篇阅读会涉及到4-5个词汇题。因此，阅读要拿高分掌握这类题型的做题方法尤为重要。新托福的变化在于单词的难度降低，而灵活性却大大增加。新托福更侧重考生的阅读能力，而不是单纯的考查某一个孤立的语言点。很多考生觉得这个题型在备考中的准备量很大，需要记很多单词，但在考试时还是有涉及不到的单词。所以在这篇文章中，笔者将着重跟大家探讨一下词汇题的解题技巧。
托福阅读常考词汇题解题技巧
词汇题常见题目形式：
The word/phrase…in the passage is closest in meaning to…
学习啦在线学习网The word/phrase…in the passage means…
The word/phrase… in paragraph…
Refers to… what is…?
或许，很多同学会说我的词汇量非常有限，在考试中遇到这种词汇题，如果不认识就无计可施，只能靠第六感了。其实，托福阅读中涉及到的词汇题还是有一定的解题规律的，以下将分两种类型进行讲解：
一、熟悉的词汇
当所考词汇是你认识的词时，分两步：直接在所给的四个选项中找出相近词;将选定的选项代入考察词汇所在的原文语境中，验证是否符合句意，以防止一词多义的情况。
学习啦在线学习网例如：TPO-5中的一篇文章Minerals and Plants中的第二题：
2. The word "exhibit" in the passage is closest in meaning to
A. fight off
B. show
C. cause
D. spread
解题过程：这是一道词汇题。所考词汇exhibit是高频词汇，它的基本意思是“展示、显示”。因此，选项B
show是exhibit的同义词;将其代入exhibit所在的语境中进行验证，原句“Nitrogen-deficient plants exhibit many
of the symptoms just described.” 可提取主干(Plants exhibit
symptoms)，将选项B代入即“植物显示症状”符合语境，因此，选项B正确。
二、不认识的词汇
遇到不认识的词汇，千万不要归因于自己词汇量不足，无计可施进而放弃。托福阅读中的词汇题存在一定的推理规律，这时候要采取以下措施：找到考察词汇所在的句子，寻找推理线索(95%的词汇题都暗含线索)，由线索得出的关联信息，分析句意或主干进行推理判断及排除。
例如：TPO-3中第三篇文章 The Long-term Stability of Ecosystems中的第八题：
学习啦在线学习网8. The word "guarantee" in the passage is closest in meaning to
A. increase
B. ensure
C. favor
D. complicate
解题过程：这是一道词汇题。考察词汇guarantee很多学生可能不太认识，这时候千万不要依靠第六感去猜，要回到原句中，查找线索。原句“Mathematical
models of ecosystems likewise suggest that diversity does not guarantee
学习啦在线学习网ecosystem stability—just the opposite, in fact.” 存在两处线索：1. suggest
that(表明)…可见此that句为观点结论句;2.
学习啦在线学习网likewise指“也、同样”。由以上两点线索可知：上一句肯定出现过相似的观点结论句，只有这样，此句才会说“同样表明…”。此句的上一句为“In general,
diversity, by itself, does not ensure stability.” 由in
general可知这是典型的结论句，主干为“diversity does not ensure stability.”而考察句的结论为“diversity
学习啦在线学习网does not guarantee ecosystem stability.” 由此推理可得出，选项B正确。
例二：本篇文章中第十题：
10. The word “pales” in the passage is closest in meaning to
A. increases proportionally
B. differs
学习啦在线学习网C. loses significance
D. is common
解题过程：这是一道词汇题。回到原句中，查找线索。原句“The destruction caused by the volcanic explosion
of Mount St. Helens, in the northwestern United States, for example, pales in
学习啦在线学习网comparison to the destruction caused by humans.” 存在两处线索：1. for
example表明此句是具体的实例，它的作用通常是用来进一步解释证明作者的观点;2. 由in comparison
学习啦在线学习网to可知：此句存在对比关系，即自然因素造成的破坏与人类活动的破坏进行比较。作者的观点句，即前一句为“Ecologists are especially
interested to know what factors contribute to the resilience of communities
学习啦在线学习网because climax communities all over the world are being severely damaged or
学习啦在线学习网destroyed by human activities.”
学习啦在线学习网由because后半句可知：人类活动造成的破坏极其严重。所以，考察句所举的实例中，自然因素造成的破坏与人类活动的破坏相比较，应该是“不如、逊色”这样的负向信息。因此，选项C中lose同样显示出了减弱、不如的负向信息，因此选项C正确。
托福阅读题型举例分析：词汇题
无论是OG还是Delta，都把阅读的题目分成十类，即：Understanding Facts and Details， Identifying Negative Facts， Locating Referents， Understanding Vocabulary in Context， Making Inferences， Determining Purposes， Recognizing Paraphrases (Simplifying sentences)， Recognizing Coherence (Sentence inserting)， Summarizing Important Ideas and Organizing information.
学习啦在线学习网还有很重要的一点，做题的时候，无论考试还是练习，不光要分析对的选项为什么对，更要分析错的选项为什么错。有时候分析错误的原因更为重要。有助于你把握出题的思路，培养感觉。这是非常有用的。
词汇题
这应该是所有题型里面最不需要技术的一项，也是最需要技术的一项。所谓不需要技术就是说，只要你认识这个单词，马上就能选出来，5秒钟就搞定;说需要技术是因为万一不认识，就要考验你的词根，对上下文的理解还有RP了。不要过分信任你猜你猜你猜猜猜的技巧，我觉得这种题还是比较容易出错的。有时候两个选项代回去意思都说得通。所以单词基础非常重要。但考试的时候遇到不认识的也别慌，该猜就猜。一般至少可以排除两个选项，剩下两个也别耽误太长时间，一分钟搞不定就当断即断吧。50%的把握，不小了。关于猜词技巧除了上下文，词根也挺重要的。掌握一些常见的词根还是挺有用的。前面单词贴里面说得很多，就不多说了。还有时候你不认识一个单词，但你觉得它“好像”是某个意思，应该大胆相信你自己。有时候潜意识是非常厉害的。
用OG的话说，如果一个单词有多个意义，那么可能在题目中都会出现。要选择符合文中意思的一项。但我还没见过这样的。基本上错误的选项都不是该单词的准确意思。
这种题实战练习作用不太大，就不举真题例子了。记得选好了把你所选的单词替换回去看看是不是能行得通。
托福阅读真题1
学习啦在线学习网The Native Americans of northern California were highly skilled at basketry, using the reeds,grasses, barks, and roots they found around them to fashion articles of all sorts and sizes — notonly trays, containers, and cooking pots, but hats, boats, fish traps, baby carriers, and ceremonialobjects.
Of all these experts, none excelled the Pomo — a group who lived on or near the coast duringthe 1800's, and whose descendants continue to live in parts of the same region to this day. Theymade baskets three feet in diameter and others no bigger than a thimble. The Pomo people weremasters of decoration. Some of their baskets were completely covered with shell pendants;others with feathers that made the baskets' surfaces as soft as the breasts of birds. Moreover, thePomo people made use of more weaving techniques than did their neighbors. Most groups madeall their basketwork by twining — the twisting of a flexible horizontal material, called a weft,around stiffer vertical strands of material, the warp. Others depended primarily on coiling — aprocess in which a continuous coil of stiff material is held in the desired shape with tightwrapping of flexible strands. Only the Pomo people used both processes with equal ease andfrequency. In addition, they made use of four distinct variations on the basic twining process,often employing more than one of them in a single article.
Although a wide variety of materials was available, the Pomo people used only a few. Thewarp was always made of willow, and the most commonly used weft was sedge root, a woodyfiber that could easily be separated into strands no thicker than a thread. For color, the Pomopeople used the bark of redbud for their twined work and dyed bullrush root for black in coiledwork. Though other materials were sometimes used, these four were the staples in their finestbasketry.
If the basketry materials used by the Pomo people were limited, the designs were amazinglyvaried. Every Pomo basketmaker knew how to produce from fifteen to twenty distinct patternsthat could be combined in a number of different ways.
学习啦在线学习网1. What best distinguished Pomo baskets
from baskets of other groups?
(A) The range of sizes, shapes, and designs
(B) The unusual geometric
学习啦在线学习网(C) The absence of decoration
(D) The rare materials used
学习啦在线学习网2. The word fashion in line 2 is closest in meaning to
学习啦在线学习网(A) maintain
学习啦在线学习网(B) organize
(C) trade
(D) create
学习啦在线学习网3. The Pomo people used each of the following materials to decorate baskets EXCEPT
(A) shells
学习啦在线学习网(B) feathers
(C) leaves
(D) bark
4. What is the author's main point in the second paragraph?
(A) The neighbors of the Pomo people tried to improve on the Pomo basket weaving techniques.
(B) The Pomo people were the most skilled basket weavers in their region.
(C) The Pomo people learned their basket weaving techniques from other Native Americans.
学习啦在线学习网(D) The Pomo baskets have been handed down for generations.
学习啦在线学习网5. The word others in line 9 refers to
学习啦在线学习网(A) masters
(B) baskets
(C) pendants
学习啦在线学习网(D) surfaces
学习啦在线学习网6. According to the passage , a weft is a
学习啦在线学习网(A) tool for separating sedge root
学习啦在线学习网(B) process used for coloring baskets
学习啦在线学习网(C) pliable maternal woven around the warp
(D) pattern used to decorate baskets
学习啦在线学习网7. According to the passage , what did the Pomo people use as the warp in their baskets?
(A) bullrush
(B) willow
(C) sedge
(D) redbud
学习啦在线学习网8. The word article in line 17 is close in meaning to
(A) decoration
(B) shape
(C) design
(D) object
9. According to the passage . The relationship between redbud and twining is most similar to the
学习啦在线学习网relationship between
学习啦在线学习网(A) bullrush and coiling
(B) weft and warp
学习啦在线学习网(C) willow and feathers
学习啦在线学习网(D) sedge and weaving
10. The word staples in line 23 is closest in meaning to
(A) combinations
学习啦在线学习网(B) limitations
学习啦在线学习网(C) accessories
(D) basic elements
学习啦在线学习网11. The word distinct in lime 26 is closest in meaning to
学习啦在线学习网(A) systematic
学习啦在线学习网(B) beautiful
学习啦在线学习网(C) different
(D) compatible
12. Which of the following statements about Pomo baskets can be best inferred from the
passage ?
学习啦在线学习网(A) Baskets produced by other Native Americans were less varied in design than those of the
Pomo people.
(B) Baskets produced by Pomo weavers were primarily for ceremonial purposes.
学习啦在线学习网(C) There were a very limited number of basketmaking materials available to the Pomo people.
学习啦在线学习网(D) The basketmaking production of the Pomo people has increased over the years.
PASSAGE 3 BDCBB CBDAD CA
托福阅读真题2
学习啦在线学习网The term Hudson River school was applied to the foremost representatives ofnineteenth-century North American landscape painting. Apparently unknown during the goldendays of the American landscape movement, which began around 1850 and lasted until the late1860's, the Hudson River school seems to have emerged in the 1870's as a direct result of thestruggle between the old and the new generations of artists, each to assert its own style as therepresentative American art. The older painters, most of whom were born before 1835, practicedin a mode often self-taught and monopolized by landscape subject matter and were securelyestablished in and fostered by the reigning American art organization, the National Academy ofDesign. The younger painters returning home from training in Europe worked more with figuralsubject matter and in a bold and impressionistic technique; their prospects for patronage in theirown country were uncertain, and they sought to attract it by attaining academic recognition inNew York. One of the results of the conflict between the two factions was that what in previousyears had been referred to as the American, native, or, occasionally, New York school — the mostrepresentative school of American art in any genre — had by 1890 become firmly established inthe minds of critics and public alike as the Hudson River school.
学习啦在线学习网The sobriquet was first applied around 1879. While it was not intended as flattering, it washardly inappropriate. The Academicians at whom it was aimed had worked and socialized in NewYork, the Hudson's port city, and had painted the river and its shores with varying frequency.Most important, perhaps, was that they had all maintained with a certain fidelity a manner oftechnique and composition consistent with those of America's first popular landscape artist,Thomas Cole, who built a career painting the Catskill Mountain scenery bordering the HudsonRiver. A possible implication in the term applied to the group of landscapists was that many ofthem had, like Cole, lived on or near the banks of the Hudson. Further, the river had long servedas the principal route to other sketching grounds favored by the Academicians, particularly theAdirondacks and the mountains of Vermont and New Hampshire.
1. What does the passage mainly discuss?
(A) The National Academy of Design
学习啦在线学习网(B) Paintings that featured the Hudson River
(C) North American landscape paintings
学习啦在线学习网(D) The training of American artists in European academies
(A) Figural painting
(B) Landscape painting
学习啦在线学习网(C) Impressionistic painting
(D) Historical painting
学习啦在线学习网3. The word struggle in line 5 is closest in meaning to
(A) connection
学习啦在线学习网(B) distance
(C) communication
(D) competition
4. The word monopolized in line 7 is closest in meaning to
(A) alarmed
学习啦在线学习网(B) dominated
(C) repelled
(D) pursued
5. According to the passage , what was the function of the National Academy of Design for the
painters born before 1835?
(A) It mediated conflicts between artists.
(B) It supervised the incorporation of new artistic techniques.
(C) It determined which subjects were appropriate.
学习啦在线学习网(D) It supported their growth and development.
学习啦在线学习网6. The word it in line 12 refers to
(A) matter
学习啦在线学习网(B) technique
学习啦在线学习网(C) patronage
学习啦在线学习网(D) country
7. The word factions in line 13 is closest in meaning to
(A) sides
(B) people
(C) cities
(D) images
8. The word flattering in line 18 is closest in meaning to
学习啦在线学习网(A) expressive
(B) serious
学习啦在线学习网(C) complimentary
(D) flashy
9. Where did the younger generation of painters receive its artistic training?
学习啦在线学习网(A) In Europe
(B) In the Adirondacks
学习啦在线学习网(C) In Vermont
(D) In New Hampshire
PASSAGE 4 BBDBD CACA
托福阅读常考词汇题解题技巧相关文章：
★ 托福阅读考试技巧
★