英语-ing式的语态知识讲解
-ing式的语态
学习啦在线学习网 大多数时候,-ing式使用主动语态形式,少数时候使用被动语态形式。
(1)当-ing式前面没有his, him之类物主代词或者名词所有格作它的逻辑主语时,-ing式被动语态的逻辑主语一般就是该句的主语。
Jack avoided speaking rudely.
杰克避免讲话粗鲁。
(speaking的逻辑主语就是句子的主语Jack)
Having stood two hours, she wanted to sit down.
站了2个小时,她想坐下了。
(Having stood的逻辑主语就是句子主语she)
学习啦在线学习网 She sat on the sofa watching TV.
她坐在沙发上看电视。
学习啦在线学习网 (watching TV的逻辑主语是句子的主语she)
(2)-ing式的逻辑主语是这个-ing式动作的承受者时,-ing式要用被动语态形式。
Everyone enjoys being praised.
学习啦在线学习网 每个人都喜欢受表扬。
学习啦在线学习网 (Everyone是praised的承受者)
The man was lying on the couch being examined.
那人躺在床上接受检查。
学习啦在线学习网 (The man是examined的承受者)
I found him being criticized by his father.
学习啦在线学习网 我发现他正受父亲的批评。
(him是criticised的承受者)
学习啦在线学习网 Their being awarded encourages everyone else.
他们所受的奖励鼓励着所有其他人。
学习啦在线学习网 (Their=Them是awarded的承受者)
注意:
当主语是物体,谓语是need, want, require, deserve时,作宾语的-ing式用主动式代替被动式,因为被动式稍嫌啰嗦。
学习啦在线学习网 The TV set needs repairing now.
这电视机需要修理了。
=The TV set needs being repaired now.
The walls wants to be whitewashing.
学习啦在线学习网 墙壁需要粉刷了。
学习啦在线学习网 = The walls wants to be whitewashed.
The food requires to be heating.
这个食品需要加热。
= The food requires to be heated.
学习啦在线学习网 此外,形容词worth后面也接-ing式的主式代替被动式,而worthy后面则要用不定式的被动语态,或者of加-ing式的被动语态。
This movie is worth seeing.
这电影值得看。
学习啦在线学习网 = This movie is worth to be seen.
This computer is worthy buying.
这台电脑值得买。
=This computer is worthy to be bought.
= This computer is worthy of being bought
学习啦在线学习网 本文作者:丹丹英语(公众号:英语语法学习)
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